Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a rare complication associated with coloboma of the choroid. We describe three cases of coloboma choroid where there was loss of vision due to CNV development at the edge of the coloboma. One was managed by photodynamic therapy alone and two were managed by a combination of reduced fluence PDT and intravitreal bevacizumab. Significantly we noted that one treatment session was sufficient to achieve regression of the CNV and improvement in visual acuity.

Aim To estimate the arylesterase activity of serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1-ARE), which is reported to have an antioxidant and antiatherogenic potential and to correlate with plasma homocysteine (Hcys) and plasma TBARS in young adult central retinal venous occlusion (CRVO) patients. Methods A case-control prospective study carried out in 10 CRVO patients (mean age 27 ± 5 years; 7 males, 3 females) and 20 healthy controls (mean age 29 ± 5 years; 15 males, 5 females). Results The CRVO patients showed a significantly lowered serum PON1-ARE activity (P ¼ 0.009) along with a significant increase in the levels of plasma Hcys (P ¼ 0.018) when compared to the control subjects. There was a negative correlation between serum PON1-ARE and plasma Hcys levels (P ¼ 0.058) as well as between PON1-ARE and plasma TBARS levels (P ¼ 0.001) in the CRVO patients. Conclusion This is the first report of lowered serum PON1-ARE level as a risk factor for CRVO (OR ¼ 1.108, CI ¼ 0.914, 1.314; P ¼ 0.296), which is found to correlate with oxidative stress.

TBARS and homocysteine are known to be independent risk factors for CRVO. TBARS can be influenced by both homocysteine and TAC, thereby contributing to the aetiopathology of CRVO by increasing oxidative stress.

Aim:To study the Framingham cardiovascular risk assessment scores in subjects with diabetes and their association with diabetic retinopathy in subjects with diabetes.Materials and Methods:In this population-based prospective study, subjects with diabetes were recruited (n=1248; age ≥40 years). The Framingham cardiovascular risk scores were calculated for 1248 subjects with type 2 diabetes. The scores were classified as high risk (>10%), and low risk (<10%).Results:Out of the 1248 subjects, 830 (66.5%) patients had a low risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 10 years and 418 (33.5%) had a high risk of developing CVD in 10 years. The risk of developing CVD was more in males than females (56.8% vs. 7%) The prevalence of both diabetic retinopathy and sight-threatening retinopathy was more in the high-risk group (21% and 4.5%, respectively). The risk factors for developing diabetic retinopathy were similar in both the groups (low vs. high) – duration of diabetes (OR 1.14 vs. 1.08), higher HbA1c (OR 1.24 vs. 1.22), presence of macro- and microalbuminuria (OR 10.17 vs. 6.12 for macro-albuminuria) and use of insulin (OR 2.06 vs. 4.38). The additional risk factors in the high-risk group were presence of anemia (OR 2.65) and higher serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (OR 1.05).Conclusion:Framingham risk scoring, a global risk assessment tool to predict the 10-year risk of developing CVD, can also predict the occurrence and type of diabetic retinopathy. Those patients with high CVD scores should be followed up more frequently and treated adequately. This also warrants good interaction between the treating physician/cardiologist and the ophthalmologist.