We address the gravitation and inertia in the framework of general gauge principle (GGP) which accounts for gravitation gauge group GR generated by hidden local internal symmetry implemented on the flat space. Following the method of phenomenological Lagrangians, we connect the group GR to nonlinear realization of the Lie group of distortion GD of local internal properties of sixdimensional flat space M6, which is assumed as a toy model underlying four-dimensional Minkowski space. We study geometrical structure of the space of parameters and derive the Maurer-Cartan's structure equations. We treat distortion fields as Goldstone fields, to which the metric and connection are related, and infer the group invariants and calculate conserved currents. The agreement between proposed gravitational theory and available observational verifications is satisfactory. Unlike the GR, this theory is free of fictitious forces, which prompts us to address separately the inertia from a novel view point. We construct relativistic field theory of inertia, which treats inertia as distortion of local internal properties of flat space M2 conducted under the distortion inertial fields. We derive the relativistic law of inertia (RLI) and calculate inertial force acting on the photon in gravitating system. In spite of totally different and independent physical sources of gravitation and inertia, the RLI furnishes justification for introduction of the Principle of Equivalence. Particular attention is given to realization of the group GR by the hidden local internal symmetry of abelian groupimplemented on the space M6. This group has two generators, third component T 3 of isospin and hypercharge Y implying, where Q d is the distortion charge operator assigning the number -1 to particles, but +1 to anti-particles. This entails two neutral gauge bosons that coupled to T 3 and Y . We address the rearrangement of vacuum state in gravity resulting from these ideas. The neutral complex Higgs scalar breaks the vacuum symmetry leaving the gravitation subgroup intact. The resulting massive distortion field component may cause an additional change of properties of spacetime continuum at huge energies above the threshold value.

We extend the geometrical ideas of the spacetime deformations to study the physical foundation of the post-Riemannian geometry. To this aim, we construct the theory of two-step spacetime deformation as a guiding principle. We address the theory of teleparallel gravity and construct a consistent Einstein-Cartan (EC) theory with the dynamical torsion. We show that the equations of the standard EC theory, in which the equation defining torsion is the algebraic type and, in fact, no propagation of torsion is allowed, can be equivalently replaced by the set of modified EC equations in which the torsion, in general, is dynamical. The special physical constraint imposed upon the spacetime deformations yields the short-range propagating spin-spin interaction.

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In the framework of 'microscopic' theory of black holes (J. references therein, we address the 'pre-radiation time' (PRT) of neutrinos from black holes, which implies the lapse of time from black hole's birth till radiation of an extremely high energy neutrinos. For post-PRT lifetime, the black hole no longer holds as a region of spacetime that cannot communicate with the external universe. We study main features of spherical accretion onto central BH and infer a mass accretion rate onto it, and, further, calculate the resulting PRT versus bolometric luminosity due to accretion onto black hole. We estimate the PRTs of AGN black holes, with the well-determined masses and bolometric luminosities, collected from the literature by Woo Jong-Hak and Urry (Astrophys. J. 579, 530, 2002) on which this paper is partially based. The simulations for the black holes of masses M BH (1.1 · 10 6 ÷ 4.2 · 10 9 ) M give the values of PRTs varying in the range of about T BH (4.3 · 10 5 ÷ 5.6 · 10 11 ) yr. The derived PRTs for the 60 AGN black holes are longer than the age of the universe (∼13.7 Gyr) favored today. At present, some of remaining 174 BHs may radiate neutrinos. However, these results G. Ter-Kazarian ( ) · L. Sargsyan would be underestimated if the reservoir of gas for accretion in the galaxy center is quite modest, and no obvious way to feed the BHs with substantial accretion.

In the framework of microscopic theory of black hole (MTBH), which explores the most important processes of rearrangement of vacuum state and spontaneous breaking of gravitation gauge symmetry at huge energies, we have undertaken a large series of numerical simulations with the goal to trace an evolution of the mass assembly history of 377 plausible accreting supermassive black hole seeds in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to the present time and examine the observable signatures today. Given the redshifts, masses, and luminosities of these black holes at present time collected from the literature, we compute the initial redshifts and masses of the corresponding seed black holes. For the present masses MBH/M⊙≃1.1×106 to 1.3×1010 of 377 black holes, the computed intermediate seed masses are ranging from MBHSeed/M⊙≃26.4 to 2.9×105. We also compute the fluxes of ultrahigh energy (UHE) neutrinos produced via simple or modified URCA processes in superdense protomatter nuclei. The AGNs are favored as promising pure UHE neutrino sources, because the computed neutrino fluxes are highly beamed along the plane of accretion disk, peaked at high energies, and collimated in smaller opening angle (θ≪1).