Contents I. Introduction 415 II. Reaction Mechanism 416 III. Scope and Limitation of the Reaction 417 A. Alkyl Halides 418 B. Tricoordinate Phosphorus Reactant 420 C. Effectiveness of Catalysts 421 IV. Synthetic Applications 421 A. Synthesis of Phosphonates 421 B. Synthesis of Phosphinates 422 C. Synthesis of Tertiary Phosphine Oxides 423 D. Synthesis of Phosphonyl and Phosphinyl Halides 424 E. Other Synthetic Applications 424 V. Behaviour of Sulfur and Fluorine Analogues under Arbuzov Conditions 425

The d in the structural label indicates that the compound bears a deuterium substituent, Z = D. For the sake of clarity; the absolute configurations of these labeled species have been assigned without any consideration of the deuterium atom. Therefore, the structural labels for the deuterated and the corresponding protiated compounds differ only in the presence or absence of d following the number for that structure. Although the compounds bearing deuterium are mixtures of diastereomers, no evidence has been observed which indicates a diastereomeric composition which is not equal to 1:1. (20) J.

Montmorillonite containing PdClp anchored via pendant phosphinated groups in the interlamellar region has been synthesized, characterized, and found t o hydrogenate terminal alkenes and al kynes selectively.

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