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Aim: This study aims at determining the amount of enamel decalcification in terms of microhardness. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients requiring treatment by extraction method for Class I malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion were selected for the study. Twenty patients were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. In the control group (n = 40), extraction of permanent first premolars was done on day 1 of bonding to assess the Vickers hardness number (VHN) of enamel surface, and in the experimental group (n = 40), extraction of the contralateral premolars was done on the 28th day after bonding to assess the VHN of enamel surface. The values are tabulated and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: There is significant surface enamel dissolution of enamel crystals in the experimental group compared to the control group, and a statistically significant difference in VHN is evident between the control and experimental groups. The surface enamel dissolution (VHN) is not significant difference noted between mandibular and maxillary premolars of the control and experimental groups. Conclusion: The present study has demonstrated a higher level of surface enamel dissolution in the experimental group. There is a marked difference in the VHN between the control and experimental groups, which is statistically significant. The scanning electron microscopy study also confirms the presence of surface enamel demineralization following orthodontic bonding.

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a benign odontogenic tumor with an aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate. The most common site of predilection is the posterior mandible. In contrast, KCOTs occurring in the maxillary region are relatively rare. However, the maxillary involvement poses a greater and increased threat, due to proximity to vital structures such as maxillary sinus, orbital floor, and infratemporal fossa. This report presents such a case of KCOT involving the maxillary sinus eroding the floor of the orbit and provides an account of the factors that need to be considered during management.

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