Цель исследованияопределить прогностическую значимость экспрессии Ki-67, p53 и Notch1 в диагностике рака предстательной железы. Материал и методы. Исследован операционный и диагностический материал, полученный от пациентов с доброкачественной гиперплазией, простатической интраэпителиальной неоплазией и раком предстательной железы различной степени злокачественности, всего 98 пациентов. Определение клеточных антигенов осуществлялось при помощи моноклональных кроличьих антител к белку Ki-67 (Clone SP6), мышиных антител к белку p53 (Clone Y5), рекомбинантных антител к белку Notch1 (Clone EP1238Y). Результаты. Выявлены статистически значимые различия при сравнении показателей экспрессии Ki-67, p53 и Notch1. Установлена достоверная прямая корреляционная связь между показателями экспрессии Ki-67, p53 и прогностическими группами рака предстательной железы, основанными на морфологической классификации по Глисону (r s =0,736, p<0,001; r s =0,682, p=0,035 соответственно), а также выявлена сильная обратная связь между экспрессией Notch1 и прогностическими группами рака предстательной железы (r s =-0,425, p<0,001). Заключение. Экспрессия Notch1 в сочетании с низкой пролиферативной активностью клеток и отсутствием белка p53 (Y5) может свидетельствовать о сохранности механизма апоптоза в опухолевых клетках, что расширяет показания к консервативному лечению рака предстательной железы.

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men, which is mainly due to extensive use of screening tests and high total number of prostate biopsies. Verification of tumors with poorer prognosis is the primary goal of prostate cancer management. The study was aimed to determine the clinical and morphological associations and the prognostic value of the Nanog protein expression in prostate cancer of distinct Grade Groups. We used the prostate tissue specimens obtained during surgery, and the biopsy specimens, the total of 89 cases. Histological and immunohistochemical assessment was performed using antibodies to Ki-67 and Nanog. Correlations between the expression of markers and the Grade Groups were revealed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and the correlation with clinical and morphological characteristics was determined using the chi-squared test (χ2). There was a positive correlation between the expression of Ki-67 and Nanog, and the Grade Group numerical order (rs = 0.619, p < 0.001 and rs = 0.786, p < 0.001 respectively). We managed to find the relationship between the high Nanog expression and the extraprostatic extension (p = 0.041). High expression of Nanog protein in the prostate cancer cells was associated with a higher-grade adenocarcinoma and indicated a poor prognosis.

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of men death in developed countries. Modern diagnostic methods, including a puncture biopsy of the prostate gland, make it possible to verify oncology in the early stages, however, routine studies do not always allow to predict the course of the disease and outcome. The aim of our study was to analyze the clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of the proliferative activity of adenocarcinoma cells using the Ki-67 marker, to compare the degree of proliferative activity in tumors of various degrees of malignancy (according to Gleason’s classification), as well as to compare this indicator with the clinical stage of the disease, the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood, the size of the prostate gland. Materials and Methods: On the basis of the City Clinical Hospital No. 31 and the Veteran Hospital No. 2, paraffin blocks with material obtained as a result of prostate biopsy, transurethral resection, and radical prostatectomy were selected. A morphological and immunohistochemical study of the material with the Ki-67 marker and a quantitative assessment of the degree of proliferative activity were carried out. Data were analyzed using the STATISTICA 10.0 program using estimates of the normality of the data distribution according to the Shapiro-Wilk W-test, the significance of differences was estimated using the Mann-Whitney U-test, and correlation relationships using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: Statistically significant differences in the degree of proliferative activity in groups differing in the degree of differentiation were revealed. A statistically significant direct correlation of moderate severity was revealed when comparing proliferative activity with the degree of differentiation according to the Gleason system (rs = 0.523) and the clinical stage of the disease (rs = 0.646). No statistically significant correlation was found between indicators such as prostate-specific antigen level, age, prostate volume, and proliferative activity index. Conclusion: taking into account the proliferative activity index in addition to clinical and morphological studies helps to diagnose and subsequently predict the course of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PC) remains an urgent public health problem, especially in developed countries. The use of immunohistochemical research methods in addition to the morphological classification of prostate adenocarcinomas allows a more accurate diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. The aim of the study is to identify isoforms of P53 using clones of mouse antibodies (D-07 and Y5; Epitomics, USA) in prostate cancer with different proliferative activity and the degree of malignancy. Materials and Methods: The work included surgical material for prostate resection and prostatectomy, as well as biopsy specimens (56 cases in total). An immunohistochemical study was carried out with the Ki-67 marker, as well as with mouse monoclonal antibodies (D-07 and Y5) to the P53 protein, interacting with its wild and mutant isoforms. The significance of the difference in the samples was determined using the Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation relationships were determined using the Spearman coefficient. Results: Expression of P53 upon interaction with antibodies D-07 and Y5 was determined in 56.3% and 39.6%, respectively. A statistically significant direct correlation was found between the severity of P53 expression when interacting with Y5 antibodies and the degree of tumor differentiation (rs = 0.567, p 0.05), as well as between the expression level of this protein and tumor proliferative activity (rs = 0.698, p 0.05). Conclusion: Antibodies of clone D-07, interacting with both wild and mutant isoforms of P53 protein, show positive expression in adenocarcinomas of all degrees. Expression of the mutant P53 protein is most pronounced in low-differentiated carcinomas and correlates with high proliferative activity of tumor cells, which may be associated with a loss in the induction of P53-dependent apoptosis.