No abstract

The increase in the number of hydrogen (H 2 ) fuel cell vehicles necessitates the swift installation of requisite infrastructure such as H 2 refueling stations (HRSs). However, the use and storage of high-pressure gaseous H 2 in conventional HRSs limits inventory and poses safety risks. In this regard, ammonia (NH 3 ) is a potential solution as an H 2 carrier with high storage capacity that can be stored as a liquid. However, NH 3 is toxic and accidental exposure to it is fatal for humans. Therefore, this study aims to develop a process and safety design for HRSs using NH 3 as the H 2 carrier. The operation of ammoniaderived H 2 refueling stations comprises dehydrogenation and refueling processes, for which quantitative risk assessment was performed based on process design data. Consequently, it was determined that NH 3 leakage from the storage tank was the dominant accident scenario and that the associated risk exceeded the acceptable risk criteria. Therefore, we proposed a risk mitigation strategy that involves installing a dike to guarantee safe design and operation.

1‐{3,4‐Di‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)phenyl}‐2‐(2‐thiophenyl)ethene (5) was prepared and condensed with terephthaloyl chloride to yield polyester (6). Polymer 6 was reacted with tetracyanoethylene to give a new Y‐type polyester (7) containing 1‐(3,4‐dioxyethoxy)phenyl‐2‐{5‐(2,2,3‐tricyanovinyl)‐2‐thiophenyl)}ethenyl groups as NLO‐chromophores, which are components of the polymer backbones. Polyester 7 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide and acetone. Polymer 7 showed a thermal stability up to 300 °C in thermogravimetric analysis with glass transition temperature (Tg) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 126 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at the 1560 nm fundamental wavelength was around 6.57 × 10−9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibited high thermal stability up to the Tg, and there was no SHG decay below 125 °C due to the partial main‐chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1911–1919, 2009

Aims and Objectives To determine the effectiveness of nurse‐led interventions on medication adherence, medication knowledge and clinical outcomes in adults taking medication for metabolic syndrome. Background Despite the significance of interventions designed to improve medication adherence, a systematic review of nurse‐led intervention studies for metabolic syndrome is lacking. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Methods The study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines checklist. PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL and other manual sources were searched in May 2021.The quality assessment was conducted using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 3.0 was used to calculate the pooled effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals. Results This review included 20 studies of nurse‐led medication adherence interventions in 6017 adults at risk for metabolic syndrome. The pooled effect size using the random effects model indicated that nurse‐led interventions had a significantly moderate impact on enhancing medication adherence and medication knowledge and improving selected clinical outcomes of available studies in nurse‐led intervention groups compared with control groups. Duration of intervention (median 12 weeks), mode of delivery (group vs. individual) and using multiple strategies influenced outcomes of nurse‐led medication adherence interventions. The results revealed that interventions of moderate‐ to high‐quality studies were more likely to show significant improvements in medication adherence than those of low‐quality studies. Conclusion The meta‐analyses showed that nurse‐led interventions may enhance medication adherence and knowledge and improve clinical outcomes of this population. Relevance to Clinical Practice The findings may contribute to evidence‐based information about nurse‐led intervention and its selection of appropriate interventions for improving medication adherence in this population. Patient or public contribution Patients or the public were not directly involved in this review.