Gómez-Chávez et al. The Immune Response in Human Congenital Toxoplasmosis to children who developed mild clinical complications. Our results suggest that a distinctive, not regulated, proinflammatory immune response might favor T. gondii vertical transmission and the development of severe clinical manifestations in congenitally infected newborns.
ANTECEDENTES: En México prevalecen cepas “virulentas” de Toxoplasma gondii, por lo que el cuadro clínico puede ser diferente a los reportados para regiones donde circulan cepas no virulentas, como Europa, Estados Unidos y Canadá.MÉTODOS: Se reporta una serie de casos con toxoplasmosis congénita reclutados a partir de 2005 por tamiz prenatal o postnatal, o porque llegaron como casos clínicos al INP, y que conforman parte de una serie de casos.RESULTADOS: Todos los pacientes presentaron manifestaciones clínicas, pero el grupo de tamiz prenatal presentó una infección más localizada y menos grave, principalmente con espasticidad y retraso psicomotor leve. El grupo de tamiz postnatal presentó características clínicas intermedias, con retraso psicomotor leve, moderado o grave, bajo peso al nacimiento, micro o hidrocefalia, ictericia, hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia, calcificaciones intracraneales y espasticidad. Los pacientes más afectados fueron aquellos que se presentaron como casos clínicos, con una amplia variedad de manifestaciones clínicas y el peor pronóstico, incluida la muerte. Seis pacientes presentaron comorbilidades. Veinte casos fueron positivos para dos o más pruebas de laboratorio; el resto sólo para una.CONCLUSIONES. Nuestros resultados apoyan que la toxoplasmosis congénita en México es más grave que en otros países, y que urge implementar tamiz prenatal efectivo, para prevención y profilaxis.PALABRAS CLAVE: complejidad diagnóstica; evaluación prenatal; heterogeneidad clínica; tamiz postnatal; tamiz prenatal; toxoplasmosis congénita; Toxoplasma gondii
BackgroundWe present one unusual case of anophthalmia and craniofacial cleft, probably due to congenital toxoplasmosis only.Case presentationA two-month-old male had a twin in utero who disappeared between the 7th and the 14th week of gestation. At birth, the baby presented anophthalmia and craniofacial cleft, and no sign compatible with genetic or exposition/deficiency problems, like the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome or maternal vitamin A deficiency. Congenital toxoplasmosis was confirmed by the presence of IgM abs and IgG neo-antibodies in western blot, as well as by real time PCR in blood. CMV infection was also discarded by PCR and IgM negative results. Structures suggestive of T. gondii pseudocysts were observed in a biopsy taken during the first functional/esthetic surgery.ConclusionsWe conclude that this is a rare case of anophthalmia combined with craniofacial cleft due to congenital toxoplasmosis, that must be considered by physicians. This has not been reported before.
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