Background
A few papers studying healthy, first-degree relatives of people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have found that this group presents attention and memory problems. However, current research has not analyzed their social cognition.
Materials and Methods
We designed an age-, gender- and education-level matched case-control study involving 57 people with BPD, 32 of their first-degree relatives, and 57 healthy controls in Spain in 2018–2019. All were assessed for social cognition and functioning using the Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition and the Social Functioning Scale; other potential confounders were also collected (marital status, occupation and household variables).
Results
There were differences in the social cognition domain of overmentalizing errors, with the BPD group scoring significantly higher than controls; however, there was no significant difference with relatives; in the social functioning domain of family relationships, with the controls showing the highest scores. Social engagement/withdrawal, interpersonal behavior, independence-competence, prosocial activities, full scale and categorization domains showed the same pattern: the BPD group had lower scores than their relatives and the controls. Relatives were significantly different from BPD patients in family relationships, social engagement/withdrawal and interpersonal behavior, as well as on the full Social Functioning Scale (both as a linear and categorical variable). However, only controls showed differences with relatives in family relationships.
Conclusions
All in all, relatives show similar levels of social cognition and functioning compared with controls, and people with BPD show some alterations in different domains of both social cognition and functioning.
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BackgroundThe chemical stability of coadministered ondansetron (OND) and haloperidol (HAL) in parenteral admixtures has not been described yet.ObjectiveThe aim of the present work is to study the chemical stability and the compatibility of OND and HAL admixtures.MethodsNormal saline solution and dextrose were used to prepare the admixture solutions of the drugs; the materials of the containers were the original plastic bags of the diluents and the stability was studied at 20°C. Compatibility was studied by visual inspection of no colour change and turbidity or precipitation appearance. The concentration of the drugs was studied by ultraviolet detection high-performance liquid chromatography. The method was validated following the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency guidelines, and the assay enables the measurement of both drugs with a linear calibration curve (r=0.999) over the concentration range 10–100 µg/mL, with acceptable values of linearity, precision and accuracy. Darunavir was used as internal standard.ResultsMost of the admixtures have an adequate concentration until 24 hours(less than 10% of loss). 25% of the samples show a higher loss at 24 hours, and the chemical stability of these samples is 12 hours.ConclusionsThe stability and compatibility of OND and HAL in the coadministered admixtures in Viaflo plastic bags with normal saline or dextrose are suggested at 12 hours.
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