Background Obesity has been associated with respiratory complications and it is believed to reduce lung volume. Obesity imposes additional stress on ventilation during exercise and may even result in pulmonary function impairment. Exercise induced-bronchospasm has also been found in obese children. Lung function tests can be useful to confirm diagnosis, response to therapy, or prediction of lung and respiratory diseases. The peak flow meter is an inexpensive, practical way to measure lung function, and can detect the early warning signs of a decrease in lung function. Objective To compare the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) before and after physical exercise in obese and non-obese primary school Methods A quasi-experimental study using the one group pretestth th th percentile) using a mini-Wright peak flow meter to evaluate the PEFR before and after eight minutes of physical exercise. Height, weight, body mass index, and physical status were determined before testing. Results PEFR between obese and non-obese children was significantly ConclusionThe PEFR for obese children is significantly lower than non obese children even before physical exercise. [Paediatr Indones. 2009;49:20-4].

Background Chronic inhalation of air pollutants may causebronchoconstriction, bronchiolitis, and edema of airway, thus alterlung volume. To measure the lung volume, a simple lung functiontest, the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), can provide a feature oflung volume in liters/minute.Objective The purpose of this study was to measure PEFR val-ues of primary school children in a high air pollution level area(Medan) and compare the results with the PEFR values of those ina low air pollution level area (Tebing Tinggi).Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on primary schoolchildren (10-12 years of age) during May-July 2000 in Medan andTebing Tinggi. Data were obtained by questionnaires. Physical ex-amination included age, sex, height, weight, and PEFR value. PEFRvalues were measured by Mini Wright peak expiratory flow meter(MPFM) from three blows. The highest volume was taken as thePEFR value. Statistical analysis was done by t-test and p<0.05was considered significant.Results There were 212 primary school children eligible for thisstudy; 107 came from the high air pollution level area and 105from the low air pollution level area. The PEFR values did not dif-fer significantly between the two groups (p>0.05)Conclusion PEFR values in a high air population level area werenot statistically different compared with those in low air pollutionlevel area

Menopause describes the cessation of a woman’s menstrual period due to the ovaries’ shutdown of estrogen and progesterone production. Decreased levels of these hormones cause menopause symptoms and reduce the quality of life. Therefore, this study aims to determine how the quality of life of postmenopausal women and the practice of periodontics in Medan City are related to the condition of teeth. A descriptive method was used with a cross-sectional design to adapt the questionnaires. The number of samples was 60 people based on medical record data at the periodontics installation of the RSGM USU and dentists’ practice in Medan. Furthermore, a Likert scale was used to assess the quality of life of postmenopausal women with periodontitis. The results showed that the quality of life, which strongly influenced the teeth, was Stage IV Grade B. In terms of social relations, the most decisive influence on the condition of the teeth was appearance. The aspect of the physical ability which strongly influences the condition is chewing hard food. In conclusion, menopausal women with periodontitis influence their quality of life from aspects of physical ability, social relations, general health, and psychology. Key words: quality of life, menopausal women, periodontitis, dental conditions

Objective To investigate the clinical aspects and result of Mantoux test in superficial lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) compared to that caused by non-MTB organisms.

Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) merupakan kasus yang sering ditemukan pada anak. Diperkirakan 0,5%-10% ISPA mengakibatkan komplikasi sinusitis. Sinusitis adalah infeksi sinus paranasal dengan gejala ISPA yang menetap atau makin berat dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Tiga faktor yang berperan dalam terjadinya sinusitis adalah ostium yang tertutup, penurunan jumlah atau fungsi silia serta berubahnya viskositas sekret. Dengan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik yang teliti dapat ditegakkan diagnosis sinusitis akut pada anak. Pada sinusitis kronis, CT scan merupakan alat bantu diagnosis yang dapat dipercaya. Diagnosis banding antara lain cystic fibrosis dan inverted papilloma. Pada umumnya sinusitis dapat sembuh dengan terapi medikamentosa. Amoksisilin merupakan antibiotik utama disertai dengan pemberian antihistamin, nasal dekongestan dan steroid. Anak yang tidak memberikan respon dengan terapi medikamentosa yang maksimal atau dengan komplikasi dapat dilakukan tindakan pembedahan.Kata kunci: infeksi saluran pernapasan akut, sinusitis Sari Pediatri, Vol. 7, No. 4, Maret 2006: 244 -248 I nfeksi saluran pernapasan akut atas, sering ditemukan dalam praktek dokter anak. Anak -anak diperkirakan setiap tahunnya ratarata mengalami 6-8 kali infeksi saluran napas akut dibanding dewasa yang hanya 2-3 kali dalam setahun. Diperkirakan 0,5%-10% ISPA mengakibatkan komplikasi sinusitis.1,2 Lasley memperkirakan sebanyak 6%-13% anak sampai usia 3 tahun pernah menderita sinusitis.3 Di poliklinik Pulmonologi anak RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, dari 823 pasien batuk kronik berulang, 73 pasien menderita sinusitis. dan paru. Hidung, nasofaring dan saluran napas bagian bawah merupakan satu kesatuan fungsional yang saling berhubungan secara timbal balik, sehingga setiap gangguan saluran napas bagian atas dapat menyebabkan atau disertai gangguan pada saluran napas bagian bawah atau sebaliknya.1 Hubungan antara bronkitis dan sinusitis dikenal sebagai sinobronkitis. 4 Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengulas definisi, patofisiologi, patogenesis, diagnosis dan tata laksana sinusitis pada anak. DefinisiSinusitis bakterial akut adalah infeksi sinus paranasal dengan gejala ISPA yang menetap atau makin berat dalam waktu kurang dari 30 hari. Gejala yang menetap berupa sekret hidung (post nasal discharge), batuk siang hari (yang dapat makin berat pada malam hari), atau keduanya dalam waktu lebih dari 10 hari. Gejala yang makin berat ditandai dengan suhu sedikitnya 39 0 C dan