Abstract. Tetracycline has been widely used as a periodontal support treatment since it has broad-spectrum bone tissue penetration and it can inhibit native collagen. Chitosan hydrogel-based tetracycline is known to have strong antibacterial effects, but the cytotoxic effects on fibroblast have yet to be studied. The objective of this study is to obtain the in vitro cytotoxicity effect of chitosan hydrogel-based tetracycline on fibroblasts. Chitosan hydrogel-based tetracycline (0.5%, 0.7% and 1%) and chitosan hydrogel without tetracycline is made by dissolving chitosan powder in citric acid. Tetracycline powder is then added to the solution. 3T3 fibroblast cells were cultured in a well microplate containing RPMI-1640 media inside an incubator. The viability assay is conducted using the MTT-assay method and repeated 5 times. The colour degradation is read with a microplate reader. The mean viability of fibroblasts applied with chitosan hydrogel-based tetracycline (0.5%, 0.7% and 1%) and chitosan hydrogel is 86.5%, 85.36%, 80.99% and 90.85%, respectively. The highest mean cell viability in the group of fibroblasts applied with chitosan hydrogel-based tetracycline is in the 0.5% group. This value is not significantly different than the value in the 0.7% group, but it is significantly different than the value in the 1% group. Chitosan hydrogel-based tetracycline shows a low cytotoxic effect on 3T3 fibroblast cells.

Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which is characterized by the absence of pain and develops slowly, loss of attachment and resorption of bones that causes teeth to mobile and loose. Some markers responsible for the inflammatory process include cytokines, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), as one of the inflammatory cytokines, plays an important role in the inflammatory response of the periodontium. To handle the case of periodontitis, can be done by scaling and root planning (SRP) and can be combined with systemic ingredients and the application of herbal ingredients. One of the natural ingredients that has been used in wound healing is binahong leaves. In this study using 3% binahong leaves gel extract was applied to subgingival to reduce levels of IL-6 and periodontal status. In this study, using 16 samples, were divided into 2 groups: ie 8 samples as a test group, and 8 samples as a control group. IL-6 levels were examined after scaling and root smoothing. Statistically, there was a significant decrease in IL-6 levels in the gingival sulcus fluid after scaling and root planing (SRP) in periodontitis patients with ap values <0.05. There was a significant decrease in measurement of IL-6 levels in the test and control groups after application of subgingival gel of binahong leaves extract (Andredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) 3% in patients with chronic periodontitis. there was a significant decrease in IL-6 levels in the gingival sulcus fluid after scaling and root planing (SRP) in periodontitis patients with ap value <0.05.

The objective of this study is to determine the in vitro cytotoxicity effect of chitosan hydrogel-based metronidazole on fibroblast. Chitosan hydrogel-based metronidazole(0.12%, 0.15%, 0.25%) and chitosan without metronidazole are made by dissolving lactic acid to reach a gel consistency, and then adding powdered metronidazole according to the concentration. 3T3 fibroblast cells were cultured in well mikroplate containing RPMI-1640 media inside an incubator. The cell viability tests were carried out using theMTT assay method and repeated five times. The colour degradation was read with a microplate reader. The mean viability of fibroblasts mixed with chitosan hydrogel-based metronidazole at concentration of 0.12%, 0.15%, and 0.25%, and chitosan without metronidazole were 96%, 93%, 91% and 98.8% respectively. ANOVA statistical test results for the 0.12% concentration group, where p < 0.05 represents the cell's viability, significantly differs from the results for the 0.15% and 0.25% concentration groups. Chitosan hydrogel-based metronidazole shows non toxic effects on fibroblast cells.

Abstract-Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteriodes spp., Capnocytophaga spp., and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are bacteries that cause periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is treated by eliminating pathogen bacteries through scaling and systemic or local antibiotics. One of the local antibiotics that is effective as a periodontal treatment is metronidazole gel. A clinical quasi-experiment was done towards chronic periodontitis patients with pocket depth of 4-6mm using one group pre and post test design, with a split mouth method, one side as experimental group and the other as control. Experimental group with 20 teeth was treated by scaling and 1 ml of 25% metronidazole alginate base topical gel was applied while the reapplication was done in the first week. On the control group, only scaling was done with 20 teeth. All clinical parameters were observed on the first visit. Clinical parameters were reobeserved during the first, second, third and fourth week of visit, while pocket depth and clinical attachment level were reassesed during the fourth week of visit. There was a decrease in plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, pocket depth and clinical attachment level in the experimental and control group. A decreased in plaque index, pocket depth and clinical attacment level were higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. This difference is statistically significant. No inflamation and bleeding were found in the experimental and control group. There are benefits in the application of 25% metronidazolee alginate base topical gel towards chronic periodontitis patients with pocket depth of 4-6mm.

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