The rate of bariatric surgery has significantly risen in the past decade as an increasing prevalence of extreme obesity can be observed. Although bariatric surgery is an effective therapeutic modality for extreme obesity, it is associated with risk factors affecting also oral health. Based on an overview of the current literature, this paper presents a summary of dental manifestations in bariatric patients. Bariatric surgeries are associated with an increased risk for gastro-esophageal reflux which in turn might account for the higher amount of carious and erosive lesions observed in bariatric patients. As a result, also dentin hypersensitivity might be observed more frequently. The current data indicate that recommended postsurgical meal patterns and gastric reflux might increase the risk for dental lesions, particularly in the presence of other risk factors, such as consumption of sweet-tasting foods and acidic beverages. Further research is needed to evaluate the correlation of bariatric surgery and the development of dental diseases.

A epilepsia e seu tratamento podem apresentar questões específicas para os pacientes que recebem atendimento odontológico. A segurança de anestésicos locais, o cuidado com a luz do refletor, as interações medicamentosas, o crescimento gengival, os traumatismos durante as convulsões, o tipo de prótese mais indicada, os fármacos para intervir em situação de emergência, são alguns pontos que o cirurgião-dentista deve conhecer. Esta revisão de literatura é uma proposta de oferecer orientação para o tratamento odontológico em pacientes epiléticos. A abordagem segue desde a importância da anamnese até os efeitos dos fármacos presentes na rotina do cirurgião-dentista. DESCRITORES: Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos • Tratamento de Emergência • Epilepsia. ABSTRACTEpilepsy and its treatment may present specific issues for patients who receive dental care. The safety of local anesthetics, care for the spotlight, drug interactions, growth gingival trauma during seizures, the most appropriate type of prosthesis, drugs to intervene in emergencies, are some points that the surgeon dentist should know. This literature review is a proposal to provide guidance for dental treatment in patients with epilepsy. The approach follows from the importance of history until the effects of these drugs in dentist's routine.

Shorter times and lower energies of application of light sources are desirable to use photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) to the clinical control of candidiasis, especially among babies and children. Light energies ranging from 39.5 to 100 J/cm(2) were previously applied to kill Candida albicans by PACT. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a combination of 0.05 mg/mL toluidine blue O (TBO) and a short time of application (60 s) and a low density of light energy (18 J/cm(2)) of a red light-emitting diode (LED) in killing C. albicans planktonic cells. Standard suspensions of C. albicans were randomly assigned for four treatment groups: control (L-P-), LED alone (L+P-), TBO alone (L-P+), and PACT (L+P+). After treatments, serial dilutions of suspensions were prepared and streaked on Sabouraud dextrose agar to determine colony-forming units of C. albicans per milliliter (CFU/mL). The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (P < 0.05). PACT significantly reduced CFUs of C. albicans in comparison to other three treatments. Our results demonstrated a fungicidal effect of PACT mediated by a shorter time of application of LED on C. albicans planktonic cells. Further in vivo studies are needed to elucidate the efficacy of PACT to treat human fungal infections.

ObjectiveTo describe a form of tooth pigmentation caused by serum bilirubin deposition during dental calcification in a premature child. The bilirubin levels during the three months after birth are presented. In this period the crowns of the primary teeth are still forming. Such anomaly does not have symptoms, but has a displeasing effect and great anxiety within the family.Case reportThe case reported here highlights the relevance of past medical history, especially the diagnoses of prolonged conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, in this case, to confirm them and to comfort the family. In this case, no esthetic treatment had been undertaken because the child was still too young and not yet concerned. The dental treatment plan included regular checkups every 3 months for maintaining oral health to prevent caries.ConclusionAs this is a rare condition that affects the teeth, parents will most likely look for a dentist for treatment. Therefore, dentists must be aware or such abnormalities and take a multidisciplinary approach, thus making it possible to establish a final diagnosis.

Gemination in bilateral mandibular primary teeth is a rare anomaly. This kind of anomaly features two crowns totally or partially separated, but only one root and one root canal. At intraoral clinical examination of children we found different anatomy of mandibular primary canines with two partially separated crowns. The radiographic exams showed geminated teeth. After 3years of follow-up, the cone beam computed tomography showed the absence of the mandibular permanent lateral incisors and the aspect of normality of the permanent canines germs. Although the gemination in primary teeth itself is considered as a harmless anomaly, its presence could indicate the occurrence of some dental anomaly in the permanent dentition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only case of bilateral mandibular geminated deciduous teeth after 3 years of follow-up. Therefore, we highlight the importance of the early diagnosis and follow-up of this anomaly until the eruption of the permanent dentition.