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The HET-CAM (Hen"s Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane) assay is a qualitative alternative method to the in vivo Draize Rabbit Eye test to assess the irritancy potential of chemicals. In this work, for the first time the ophthalmic irritation of 13 different protic ionic liquids has been evaluated using ImageJ and PhotoSkape image processing programs to analyze the results of the HET-CAM assay. The irritation potential of a substance can be quantified using these computational tools by observing blood vessel changes like lysis, hemorrhage and coagulation. In conclusion, the modification of the established HET-CAM assay made it possible to determine the damage to minute blood vessels, highlighting the low-irritant profile of some studied protic ionic liquids to the ocular tissues.

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Because of the limitations of traditional dyeing technologies, large amounts of water and chemical additives are used in the dyeing processes, resulting in enormous quantities of polluted wastewater, which has a huge health and environmental potential impact. In the last few years, the interest in researching alternative techniques/materials for the textile industry to reduce the consumption of water used to improve dyeing quality, has considerably increased. Continuing previous research, in this paper, we present a non-aqueous dyeing procedure, testing different types of fabrics with a polyfunctional reactive dye and protic ionic liquids (PILs) as reaction environment, and with cationization pretreatment of the tested fibers. To analyze the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, currently established dyeing quality parameters, such as color absorption and wash fastness of the dyed multifiber fabrics, have been measured and analysed. The obtained dyeing results should be explained by the affinity of cationized multifibers to the reactive dye, as well as by the efficiency of the mechanisms of dye diffusion and chemical bonding on the tested fabrics in protic ionic liquid environment. This new proposed “universal dye” for all kinds of fibers in PIL environment was analyzed under different operational dyeing conditions. The obtained results were satisfying when compared with standard dyeing quality parameters reported in earlier published literature, thus opening opportunities for innovation and optimization.

Varronia curassavica Jacq. is a medicinal plant found in Brazil used as anti-inflammatory. Here, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity of 70 % ethanol extract of V. curassavica leaves on synthetic radicals (ABTS•+/DPPH•) and reactive oxygen species (O2•-, ROO•, HOCl/OCl-, H2O2), besides its in vitro cytotoxicity. The extract was characterized by UPLC-ESI-QToF-MSE and the annotated compounds were one hydroxybenzoic acid, five phenylpropanoids, and three glycosylated quercetin derivatives, being the main compound rosmarinic acid or its isomer. The antioxidant activity was very promising in all tests, highlighting on the capture of O2•-, which EC50 value was three times lower than Trolox. This activity may be due to the presence of the major compounds, all phenolic compounds. The extract also presented low cytotoxicity. Thus, the extract from V. curassavica leaves has great potential as an antioxidant.