Bokashi is fermented organic compost capable of improving the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the soils. The compost action in the agricultural production system is influenced by its preparation, resulting in products with different physicochemical characteristics. The study aimed to characterize bokashi produced on-farm and compare it with commercial products. The produced composts in southern Brazil were obtained through efficient microorganisms (EM), collected in an area of permanent preservation, and kefir. Two commercial composts were used for comparison (Plantae FertTM and Bokashi Sementes BrasilTM). Physical characteristics related to apparent specific gravity, water content, and water retention capacity and chemical characteristics related to nutrient contents, pH, and electrical conductivity were analyzed. For the physical characteristics, the mean and standard deviation were determined. The data from chemical parameters were submitted to the analysis of variance, and the means were compared by the Tukey test with 5% significance. Bokashi produced on-farm and commercial Bokashi showed similar physical characteristics. Commercial bokashi composts showed higher contents of nutrients than the composts produced on-farm. The analyzed composts showed adequate physicochemical parameters, with no factors limiting their use in agriculture.

A formação de mudas apresenta reflexo sobre o desempenho da cultura, podendo ser influenciada pelo substrato utilizado. A utilização de composto bokashi e resíduos orgânicos pode alterar características do produto e influenciar no desenvolvimento das mudas. Dessa forma, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de resíduos orgânicos e composto fermentado bokashi no desenvolvimento de mudas de couve-flor. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5x2, sendo cinco condições de resíduos agrícolas (controle (sem resíduos), resíduo de café, resíduo de erva-mate, resíduo de milho e mistura de resíduos (café, erva-mate e milho)) duas condições de adição de bokashi (com (5%) e sem) e 18 repetições. A semeadura da couve-flor foi realizada em bandejas de polietileno, sendo mantidas em ambiente protegido durante 30 dias. Foram avaliadas a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea (caule e folhas), número de folhas por muda, conteúdo relativo de água (CRA) nas folhas e pigmentos foliares. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey, análise multivariada e correlação linear. O composto bokashi melhorou o desenvolvimento das mudas de couve-flor. A adição dos resíduos agrícolas apresentou eficiência apenas quando incorporada com bokashi. Ao utilizar resíduos no substrato, o melhor desempenho foi obtido para utilização da mistura de resíduos.

The conditions of the storage environment can influence the quality of seeds or grains in relation to commercial quality, deterioration and nutritional characteristics, mainly as a function of temperature and relative humidity. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of temperature and relative humidity of storage on the water content of peanut seeds. The experiment was developed in a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 5 x 9, with five temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 °C) and nine conditions of relative humidity, each condition had nine repetitions. The seeds were stored in airtight packaging with saturated solutions to maintain a constant condition. The water content in the seeds was evaluated in each condition. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, correlation, regression, multivariate analysis and adjustment with mathematical models. Relative humidity was more expressive in changing the equilibrium water content. The Chung-Pfost model was the most suitable to represent the sorption process in peanut seeds.

The conditions of the storage environment, mainly related to temperature and relative humidity, influence the interaction of seeds with the environment and, consequently, the water content of the product. The study aimed to analyze the influence of ambient temperature and relative humidity on the water content of Annona squamosa seeds. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with a 5x7 factorial scheme, with five temperatures (15, 20 and 25, 35, 40ºC) and seven conditions of relative humidity with nine replications. The equilibrium moisture content of the seeds was analyzed by mass difference. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test and regression analysis. For significant interaction between the sources of variation, multivariate analysis was performed. Through regression analysis, linear models were obtained for the analyzed temperatures. Through multivariate analysis, a mathematical model was obtained to predict the equilibrium humidity of the pinecone considering temperature and relative humidity. The moisture in A. squamosa seeds is influenced by the temperature and relative humidity of the environment. Obtaining a mathematical model by multivariate analysis allows an adequate prediction of equilibrium moisture.