Objective: to analyze scientific evidence regarding the relationship between the type of birth and the microbiota acquired by newborns. Method: this integrative review addresses the role of the type of delivery on newborns’ microbial colonization. A search was conducted in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases using the descriptors provided by Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Health Science Descriptors (DeCS). Results: infants born vaginally presented a greater concentration of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus in the first days of life and more significant microbial variability in the following weeks. The microbiome of infants born via C-section is similar to the maternal skin and the hospital setting and less diverse, mainly composed of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium. Conclusion: the maternal vaginal microbiota provides newborns with a greater variety of colonizing microorganisms responsible for boosting and preparing the immune system. Vaginal birth is the ideal birth route, and C-sections should only be performed when there are medical indications.

Type II diabetes mellitus is one of the most common public health problems worldwide. Its increasing prevalence in several countries and the difficult metabolic control of individuals with the disease justify studying strategies for primary prevention. The population has sought alternative and cheaper ways to treat the disease, including the use of plants considered medicinal by the population. In this study, we carried out a systematic review on the applicability of isolates and fractions of plant extracts in animal models in type II diabetes. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies using other experimental animals (horses, rabbits, and monkeys) and humans as well as articles in Chinese, German, and Russian were excluded. We assessed the quality of the studies included by using the criteria described in the ARRIVE guidelines. In general, the animals that received fractions or isolates presented reduced blood glucose levels, normalization of body weight and plasma insulin levels, and reduced total triglycerides and cholesterol. In addition, we observed wide variation among the analyzed parameters, which hindered comparison between the studies found. In further studies, standardized reports and experimental design would help to establish comparable study groups and advance the overall knowledge, thus facilitating translatability from animal data to human clinical conditions.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas existentes na literatura sobre o impacto da microbiota adquirida pelo recém-nascido na saúde infantil, conforme a via de nascimento. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, IBECS e CUMED. Para uma indexação mais eficiente das publicações, os filtros foram desenvolvidos para a busca em PubMed de acordo com o Medical Subject Headings. Para pesquisa na BVS, foram usados os Descritores em Ciência da Saúde. Os artigos foram analisados utilizando-se um instrumento de coleta de dados. Resultados: A amostra deste estudo constituiu-se de 21 trabalhos cujas publicações variaram de 2011 a 2018. Verificou-se que os Estados Unidos e a Dinamarca foram os locais com maior número de trabalhos publicados. Conclusão: Foram evidenciados fatores que podem interferir no desenvolvimento de doenças, na infância, em crianças nascidas por cesariana, como asma, dermatite, obesidade, doença intestinal, metabólica e até mesmo alguns tipos de cânceres.