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Research has shown that accounting for moral sentiment in natural language can yield insight into a variety of on- and off-line phenomena, such as message diffusion, protest dynamics, and social distancing. However, measuring moral sentiment in natural language is challenging and the difficulty of this task is exacerbated by the limited availability of annotated data. To address this issue, we introduce the Moral Foundations Twitter Corpus, a collection of 35,108 tweets that have been curated from seven distinct domains of discourse and hand-annotated by at least three trained annotators for 10 categories of moral sentiment. To facilitate investigations of annotator response dynamics, we also provide psychological and demographic meta-data for each annotator. Finally, we report moral sentiment classification baselines for this corpus using a range of popular methodologies.

BackgroundPacing the right ventricle is established practice, but there remains controversy as to the optimal site to preserve hemodynamic function.AimsTo evaluate clinical and hemodynamic differences between apical and septal pacing in pacemaker-dependent patients.MethodsPatients receiving their first pacemaker for advanced atrioventricular block, with the atria in sinus rhythm, were randomized to receive apical (Group A) or septal (Group S) ventricular leads. After implant, with the device programmed VVI 70 beats/min fixed rate, patients underwent a 6-minute walk test and a transthoracic echocardiogram. Then, DDDR was programmed at nominal settings. The same tests were performed at 6 months and 12 months follow-up. If ventricular pacing was less than 98%, the patient was excluded.ResultsA total of 142 patients were included in the study. During the study year, 71 (50%) were excluded for not fulfilling the condition of 98% ventricular pacing. Groups A and S had 34 and 37 patients, respectively. Age and gender were similar in the groups. At implant, QRS duration was significantly greater in Group A (158 ms) than Group S (146 ms; P = 0.018), and the QRS axis was different: –74.5° in Group A and 1° in Group S (P < 0.001). At 1 year, the 6-minute walk improved significantly in both groups: Group A 15% (P = 0.048) and Group S 24% (P = 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased from 0.57 to 0.61 (P = 0.008) in Group S, without significant change in Group A.ConclusionsAfter 1 year, pacemaker-dependent patients with septal ventricular leads have better clinical and functional (LVEF) outcome.

Aim To use general practice-level data for England, available through the National Diabetes Audit, and primary care prescribing data to identify prescription treatment factors associated with variations in achieved glucose control (HbA 1c ).Methods General practice-level National Diabetes Audit data on Type 1 diabetes, including details of population characteristics, services, proportion of people achieving target glycaemic control [HbA 1c ≤58 mmol/mol (7.5%)] and proportion of people at high glycaemic risk [HbA 1c >86 mmol/ml (10%)], were linked to 2013-2016 primary care diabetes prescribing data on insulin types and blood glucose monitoring for all people with diabetes.

Abstract-The purpose of the present study was to analyze the long-term regulation of renal bumetanide-sensitive Na ϩ -K ϩ -2Cl Ϫ cotransporter and thiazide-sensitive Na ϩ -Cl Ϫ cotransporter gene expression during changes in NaCl and water metabolism. Male Wistar rats exposed to high or low NaCl intake, saline loading, dehydration, water loading, and furosemide administration during 7 days were studied. Control groups had access to regular food and tap water. Rats were kept in metabolic cages for 4 days before and during the experiment to determine daily urinary electrolyte excretion and osmolarity. At the end of the experiment, creatinine clearance and serum electrolyte levels were also measured. Kidneys were excised and macroscopically subdivided into cortex and outer and inner medulla. Total RNA was extracted from each individual cortex or outer medulla by use of the guanidine/cesium chloride method. The NaϪ cotransporter expression in outer medulla total RNA was assessed by nonradioactive Northern blot analysis and the Na ϩ -Cl Ϫ cotransporter expression in renal cortex total RNA was assessed by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Experimental maneuvers were adequately tolerated, and all groups developed the appropriate renal response to each challenge. However, the level of expression of both cotransporters did not change in any model, except for a 2.8-fold increase in the Na ϩ -Cl Ϫ cotransporter expression during dehydration. We conclude that nephron adaptation to 7-day modifications in NaCl and water metabolism does not include changes in the amount of electroneutral sodium-coupled cotransporter gene expression at the mRNA level. (Hypertension. 1998;31:1002-1006.) Key Words: bumetanide Ⅲ thiazide Ⅲ gene expression Ⅲ ion transport T he loop of Henle reabsorbs Ϸ20% of the glomerular filtrate and plays a key role in the production and maintenance of renal medullary hypertonicity, providing the kidney with the ability to form urine that can be more diluted or concentrated than plasma, a functional capacity that is essential for survival of mammals that live on land, including human beings. The distal nephron, the segments beyond macula densa, reabsorbs Ϸ10% of the filtrate and secretes potassium under the modulating influence of hormones, including aldosterone and vasopressin. Therefore, the loop of Henle and the distal nephron together are responsible for the fine control of renal sodium and water excretion and urine osmolarity.Several studies have shown that changes in electrolyte and water metabolism during periods from 5 to 14 days induce functional and structural adaptation of the thick ascending limb and distal tubule in order to keep the internal milieu unchanged. The adaptation goes from increased reabsorption capacity to structural changes such as tubular hypertrophy, increase in basolateral membrane area and in size and number of mitochondria, and an increase in basolateral Na ϩ -K ϩ -ATPase activity.