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Altered ankle kinematics and joint coupling during the terminal-swing phase of gait may predispose a population with CAI to ankle-inversion injuries. Less coordinated movement during gait may be an indication of altered neuromuscular recruitment of the musculature surrounding the ankle as the foot is being positioned for initial contact.

Balance training significantly altered the relationship between shank rotation and rearfoot inversion/eversion in those with chronic ankle instability.

A 2D markerless technique is proposed to perform lower limb sagittal plane kinematic analysis using a single video camera. A subject-specific, multisegmental model of the lower limb was calibrated with the subject in an upright standing position. Ankle socks and underwear garments were used to track the feet and pelvis segments, whereas shank and thigh segments were tracked by means of reference points identified on the model. The method was validated against a marker based clinical gait model. The accuracy of the spatiotemporal parameters estimation was found suitable for clinical use (errors between 1% and 3% of the corresponding true values). Comparison analysis of the kinematics patterns obtained with the two systems revealed high correlation for all the joints (0.82 < R 2 < 0.99). Differences between the joint kinematics estimates ranged from 3.9 deg to 6.1 deg for the hip, from 2.7 deg to 4.4 deg for the knee, and from 3.0 deg to 4.7 deg for the ankle. The proposed technique allows a quantitative assessment of the lower limb motion in the sagittal plane, simplifying the experimental setup and reducing the cost with respect to traditional marker based gait analysis protocols.