The objective of the study was to analyze the composition of mortar in order to enhance the use of milk serum and its application in earth constructions. Development of the study involved, initially, a bibliographic review and identification of dairy industry producers in the Paraiba Valley, São Paulo, with milk residue storage facilities. The next stage consisted in the preparation of three adobe molds, based on technical reproductions, of the composition of historic constructions. Subsequently, the molds were submitted to laboratory tests: preservation and compression resistance. This was followed by execution of the mortar with milk serum and bacteriological tests, anchoring, and plasticity through the application of mortar. The adobe molds were observed over a period of 15 days, with even the cracked molds shown to be useful for purposes of simulating risk situations. The technical viability analysis of the sample milk serum mortar applied to a historic construction and exposed to the natural elements for a period of 1 year revealed no deformities. After a full year of research, we found the presence of acid milk residue to be a major concern among dairy producers. Further, the difference between acid and sweet milk serum gave rise to a new challenge given the different chemical properties of the two serum types, which can alter the structure of the mortar and its efficacy. To this end, the research work was extended into 2009 with implementation of a new stage aimed at adapting Brazilian technical standards through a technical evaluation of historic mortar and the applicability of acid serum to the residue process.
O Vale do Paraíba é uma região com população estimada de três milhões de habitantes, onde o grau de urbanização é de 93,54%. Constituído pela união de 39 municípios, possui a concentração do maior conjunto de patrimônio histórico construído do estado de São Paulo, associado ao ciclo econômico do café. A região apresenta-se com um contexto complexo nas inter-relações históricas e tem sido alvo de diversas pesquisas que procuram a compreensão dos fatos históricos do passado que ajudem a identificar os valores culturais e ambientais do presente. Inclusa neste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal elaborar novo padrão de inventariação, de caracterização e de classificação de patrimônio cultural dentro de área de preservação ambiental. O processo de desenvolvimento do estudo envolveu: a contextualização e a definição de categorias de patrimônio cultural; análise das referências teóricas e a normatização brasileira sobre o tema; a abordagem conceitual de patrimônio geomorfológico analisado com o contexto paisagístico; a elaboração de um sistema de indicadores levantados a partir do estudo de caso; seleção e definição de indicadores para caracterização de paisagem histórica; e a proposição de um instrumento metodológico prático e exequível para identificação de bens culturais ambientais.
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