This study sought to support the mapping of occupied areas on the margin of rivers through the use of geoprocessing imaging technologies combined with the application of indices that measure the effects of the anthropic transformations in the environment, in order to verify the environmental degradation. The Anthropic Transformation Index is demonstrably efficient for space-time analyses on river basins and at environmental protection areas. In order to develop a data base to support public policies related to the preservation of the Una River Basin, this article presents the effects of the anthropic actions in the years 1962 to 2014, in the registry district of Taubaté, in the Vale do Paraíba Metropolitan Region. In order to collect data using photos and aerial images of the territory, geo-referencing and vectorization were performed by the QGIS program, which enabled quantification of the occupation and land use. Five occupational categories types had been identified in the area: watercourses, riparian forest, field or pasture, denser forest and urbanization. Afterwards, the ITA was applied and the index 5.5 was obtained, which indicates a degraded area, based on the percentage of land use and occupation. It was concluded that the greatest change occurred in a 52-year time span, in the landscape of registry district, where a marked anthropic pressure was observed.it is the significant anthropic pressure, close to the watercourses, towards the Una River Basin, in the city of Taubaté, in the state of São Paulo.

The objective of the study was to analyze the composition of mortar in order to enhance the use of milk serum and its application in earth constructions. Development of the study involved, initially, a bibliographic review and identification of dairy industry producers in the Paraiba Valley, São Paulo, with milk residue storage facilities. The next stage consisted in the preparation of three adobe molds, based on technical reproductions, of the composition of historic constructions. Subsequently, the molds were submitted to laboratory tests: preservation and compression resistance. This was followed by execution of the mortar with milk serum and bacteriological tests, anchoring, and plasticity through the application of mortar. The adobe molds were observed over a period of 15 days, with even the cracked molds shown to be useful for purposes of simulating risk situations. The technical viability analysis of the sample milk serum mortar applied to a historic construction and exposed to the natural elements for a period of 1 year revealed no deformities. After a full year of research, we found the presence of acid milk residue to be a major concern among dairy producers. Further, the difference between acid and sweet milk serum gave rise to a new challenge given the different chemical properties of the two serum types, which can alter the structure of the mortar and its efficacy. To this end, the research work was extended into 2009 with implementation of a new stage aimed at adapting Brazilian technical standards through a technical evaluation of historic mortar and the applicability of acid serum to the residue process.

This work has the goal of using the Environmental mapping as a tool for analysis of environmental impacts caused by human activities and who may later be important tools that students of basic education to understand these elements in cartographic representations. For the goal is reached, photographic records were made of the effects and with the help of a high resolution image from Google Earth and the Spring program will be prepared thematic maps for the representation of the environmental problems identified during the Ribeirão Tabuão city of Lorena-SP. With thematic maps completed, use will be a function of that software, it is import symbols for the representations and include them in the maps so that they can be treated almost immediately by your readers, as is characteristic the evocative symbolism.

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The present article deals with the urbanization process in the Paraíba do Sul river basin, covering social occupation under consideration of the legal provisions for areas surrounding water resources. The study has the purpose of assessing the Environment Preservation Area, called APA Banhado, in the city of São José dos Campos, a municipality belonging to the Metropolitan Region of the Paraíba Valley and the Northern Sea Shore (RMVPLN) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The research carried out made use of materials and information collected from aerial images obtained from remote sensing databases maintained by public offices, and the provisions of the APA Banhado implementation law. In order to extract information from satellite images, the methodology proposed by Moreira (2011) was applied, which suggests an automatic software classification in the Geographical Information Systems (SIG), with visual interpretation. The maps generated from the classification of the APA Banhado were based on reference data from the years of 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. The results revealed conflicts between the environmental legislation and the land use, which prompted the possibility of generating basic data capable of incorporation into public planning policies and the preserved area environmental management, including a revision of concepts under the environmental preservation, as a future safety water reserve for the metropolitan region of the Paraíba Valley – SP.