No abstract

Ibogaine is a psychedelic extracted from the plant Tabernanthe iboga Baill. (Apocynaceae), natural from Africa, and has been proposed as a potential treatment for substance use disorders. In animal models, ibogaine reduces ethanol self-administration. However, no study to date has investigated the effects of ibogaine on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated treatment with ibogaine on the reinstatement of CPP to ethanol in male mice. The rewarding effects of ethanol (1.8 g/kg, i. p.) or ibogaine (10 or 30 mg/kg, p. o.) were investigated using the CPP model. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of repeated treatment with ibogaine (10 or 30 mg/kg, p. o.) on the reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP. Reinstatement was evaluated under two conditions: 1) during a priming injection re-exposure test in which animals received a priming injection of ethanol and had free access to the CPP apparatus; 2) during a drug-free test conducted 24 h after a context-paired re-exposure, in which subjects received an injection of ethanol and were confined to the compartment previously conditioned to ethanol. Our results show that ethanol, but not ibogaine, induced CPP in mice. Treatment with ibogaine after conditioning with ethanol blocked the reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP, both during a drug priming reinstatement test and during a drug-free test conducted after re-exposure to ethanol in the ethanol-paired compartment. Our findings add to the literature suggesting that psychedelics, in particular ibogaine, may have therapeutic properties for the treatment of alcohol use disorder at doses that do not have rewarding effects per se.

Background : The presence of condensed tannins, flavonones, flavonols, flavones, xantones, catechins and alkaloids in the ethanolic extract of Lantana undulata leaves has been associated to cytotoxicity and virucidal effect on suid herpesvirus. Objective: Evaluate cellular toxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and anti-phlogistic property of the ethanolic extract leaves Lantana undulata, a plant from Verbenaceae family. Method: Cytotoxicity was evaluated on Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells and erythrocytes and through leukocyte DNA damage. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were performed using agar diffusion technique and broth microdilution. The inhibition percentage and viral inhibition index were stablished against bovine herpesvirus. The antioxidant effect (EC50) was determined by the DPPH technique and the mouse ear edema model was used to determine the anti-phlogistic activity. Results: The maximum nontoxic concentration for MDBK cells was 650 µg/ml. The ethanolic extract of L. undulata was considered non-hemolytic from 2 to 16 μg/ml and not genotoxic at concentration tested (<8 μg/ml). High concentrations (≥500 µg/ml) were needed to inhibit bacteria and yeasts, and the action of the extract was bacteriostatic or fungistatic. The IIV was of 0.37 and the IP was of 57.34% against bovine herpesvirus. The antioxidant EC50 was 540.87 μg/ml and the reduction of oedema occurred at 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg in the mouse model used. Conclusion: Although the leaves ethanolic extract of L. undulata showed to be potentially toxic and to have a reduced spectrum of action on microorganisms, the outstanding antiphlogistic action puts the therapeutic potential of this plant into perspective.