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The article highlights the prehistory and history of the Institute of Man of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which was founded thirty years ago. The cre­ation of the Institute of Man was the result of a powerful scientific and social movement, united by the interest in the problem of man. The scientific program of the Institute of Man was based on a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to human research, developed by academician I.T. Frolov. The result of the de­ployment of complex human studies was the creation of scientific institutions, training courses, departments and faculties, almanacs and journals, dictionaries, anthologies and encyclopedias, the allocation of an official specialty in phi­losophical anthropology. The main milestones on the path of the formation of philosophical and anthropological research in the 1980s–1990s are traced. Much attention is paid to the interaction of philosophers with outstanding repre­sentatives of special sciences in the complex study of man. It is told about the state general academic program of humanitarian research, within the frame­work of which the creation of research structures for the comprehensive study of man was financed. The main scientific results of the Institute of Man of the Rus­sian Academy of Sciences are summarized and the difficulties that the Institute faced during its existence are highlighted.

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The transcript of the opening speech of Academician I.T. Frolov at the opening of the Conference dedicated to the problems of life and death is published. The conference was organized in 1993 by the Institute of Man of the Russian Acad­emy of Sciences. In his opening speech at the conference, I.T. Frolov summed up the results of ten years of work on the problem of the meaning of life, death and immortality of man, which began with the publication of his articles on this topic in the first issues of the journal “Voprosy Filosofii” in 1983. In his 1993 speech, I.T. Frolov spoke about the program of tanatological research of the Institute of Man of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He shared his thoughts on the prob­lem of life and death in Russian philosophy and culture, and analyzed the prospects for research of this problem by modern science. The text of the tran­script was discovered in 2020 by the Group for the Study of the Creative Heritage of I.T. Frolov of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The article describes the main stages of the formation of the scientific direction of complex interdisciplinary human research in our country in the 1980s. These stages include: the Second All-Union Conference on the Comprehensive Research of Man (1988), the First All-Union Conference “Man, Science, Society” (1989), the first meeting of the Council of the All-Union Interdepartmental Center for Human Sciences (1989). During these scientific forums, the scientific program of the Institute of Man was discussed. The discussion was attended by philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, historians, physicians, physiologists, geneticists, specialists in the field of technical sciences. During the discussions, proposals were made about the goals and objectives of the research work of the Institute of Man. The problems of man and his future have become aggravated, and ideas for their comprehensive study continue to remain relevant. An overview of documentary materials found in the archive of I.T. Frolov by the Group for the Study of his Creative Legacy of the RAS Institute of Philosophy. The materials are devoted to the main events on the way of the formation of the RAS Institute of Man. These include the transcript of the round table on the topic “Is a Unified Science of Man Possible? Institute of Man — Idea and Reality”, which took place in 1988 within the framework of the Second All-Union Conference on the Comprehensive Research of Man. During the discussion, various conceptual proposals were made for the development of anthropological topics in the country. In addition, the transcripts of the First All-Union Conference “Man, Science, Society”, organized in 1989 by the All-Union Interdepartmental Center for Human Sciences, were studied to discuss the work on the implementation of the State General Academic Program “Man, Science, Society: Comprehensive Research”. Within the framework of the conference, the first meeting of the Council of the All-Union Interdepartmental Center for Human Sciences was held in the Red Hall of the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, at which the structure and forms of work of the Center, the Institute of Man and the journal “Chelovek” were discussed.