The perspectives for recreational use of attractive stone objects in the natural region of the Russian-owned part of Fennoscandia are considered. Such objects as fjords, canyons, selga, rapids, huge boulders and their clusters, petroglyphs, seitas and labyrinths are very popular among tourists. The article shows new approaches to the interpretation of the primary purpose of the Stone Age objects, based on the priorities of geographical adaptation, rational development of the landscape, space marking and time measurement. The modern problems of preservation of cultural heritage monuments are considered. Special attention is paid to anthropomorphic and zoomorphic rocks and sculptures, the genesis of which is the subject of scientific debate. The use of geographical methods expands the concept of the primary purpose of ancient objects, stone processing technologies, the simplest tools of orientation in space-time and the ancient navigation system. The results of the research allow us to clarify ideas about the evolution of the natural environment in the region, clarify the existing reconstruction of the economic structure and cultural traditions of the indigenous population, optimize the existing and develop new models of rational use of the natural and cultural heritage in the field of tourism and recreation. Prehistoric stone objects are a source of unique information and a valuable resource for the development of recreational activities. The inclusion of these objects in the system of organized tourism contributes to their preservation and economic development of the territory. The article is addressed to researchers and priaktiks involved in the development of projects for the development of the Arctic regions.

Санкт -Петербургский Государственный университет, Российская Федерация, 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7-9 Обсуждаются причины и условия формирования древних водно-волоковых путей, по которым происходило расселения этносов на севере европейской территории России. Главными дорогами исторического прошлого в лесной зоне в любое время года были реки. Великий водно-волоковый путь от оз. Ильмень и р. Шексна за Уральский хребет к р. Оби, по-видимому, использовался в процессе освоения географического пространства разными народами. При этом направление движения этносов по нему в разное время менялось. Современное развитие рекреационного природопользования и интересы туристского освоения внутренних регионов России обусловливают интерес к изучению древних водных и водно-волоковых путей, являющихся объектами природного и культурного наследия и аттракциями туризма. Библиогр. 22 назв. Ил. 2.Ключевые слова: волоки, водно-волоковые пути, Уральский Камень, наследие, туризм, мегалитические памятники, топонимы, аттракции туризма. Al. A. Grigoryev, D. V. Sevastyanov, G. N. Shastina GREAT WATER-PORTAGE PATH IN YUGRA AND THE URAL STONESaint Petersburg State University, 7-9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation Th e causes and conditions of the ancient water-drag routes in which the settlement of ethnic groups occurred in the north of European Russia are discussed. Th e main route in the historical past over the forest zone at any time of year was by river. Th e great water-portage path from lake Ilmen and R. Sheksna over the Ural mountains to R. Ob was used, apparently, in the process of historical development of geographical space by diff erent peoples. Th e direction of movement of ethnic groups was changed in the process of its development and use. Wading through rivers, laying between their headwaters or tributaries portages, and sometimes even building channels, explorers gradually mastered the vast territory of the North of European Russia, crossed the Ural Stone and went to the great rivers of Siberia, the Northern and Eastern seas. Modern development of recreational use of nature and interests of the tourist development of the internal regions of Russia have prompted interest in the study of ancient water and water-portage paths, which are the objects of natural and cultural heritage. Refs 21. Figs 2.

85 УДК 911.53,911.373 Ж. Б. Соломина, Г. Н. Шастина РЕКРЕАЦИОННОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО СЕЛЬСКИХ ПОСЕЛЕНИЙ Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Российская Федерация, 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7-9 В статье исследовано рекреационное пространство сельских населенных пунктов. Выяв-лена его зональная структура. Дана оценка трансформации местного рекреационного про-странства под влиянием «неместной» рекреации (организованной, дачной, самодеятельной). Выявлены самостоятельные рекреационные зоны вокруг дачных поселений. Исследования проводились на локальном уровне методами пространственно-временного анализа развития территории (конец XIX в. -современный период), анкетирования местных жителей поселе-ния и рекреантов. Библиогр. 31 назв. Ил. 4. Табл. 2.Ключевые слова: рекреационное пространство, сельские поселения, дачная рекреация, местная рекреация, самодеятельная рекреация, организованная рекреация. Zh. B. Solomina, G. N. Shastina RURAL SETTLEMENT RECREATIONAL SPACESaint-Petersburg State University, 7-9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation Th e problem of recreational space formation around rural settlements is considered in the paper. According to the authors recreational space of the village is a combination of recreation lands and recreation facilities around the village. It has a zonal structure (near, intermediate, far zones) which is determined by the discreteness of recreational time, physiological peculiarities of a person, also the ways of movement in space (walking, using transport). Recreational zones have a recreational "specialization". In the near zone there are the main places of recreation for the local population, in the intermediate zone there are the main recreational lands, in the far zone there are the distant recreational lands. Recreational space used by the local population has its own local names. Th e behavior of non-local tourists before the 1990s was defi ned by the zonal structure of the local recreational space. Th e emergence of new forms of settlements (holiday villages) leads to the formation of new recreational areas of holiday village recreation, which leads to the transformation of the prevailing local recreational space. For holiday village recreation is characterized by the absence of the intermediate recreation zone, which is associated with a high degree of motorization.Th e research was conducted at the local level by spatialtemporal analysis methods of territory development (the end of 19 th century -the modern period), as well as questionnaires of local residents and tourists. Refs 31. Figs 4. Tables 2.

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