Idiopathic scoliosis is a common orthopedic disease of unknown etiology in childhood that limits the patient’s activity for a lifetime. Treatment of idiopathic scoliosis includes both conservative and surgical methods and requires psychological consideration, which is important for the rehabilitation of patient with chronic disease. Systematic research on the psychological aspects of the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with idiopathic scoliosis in the form of analysis allows us to evaluate the medical and psychological approaches to the problem and to identify the factors contributing to the successful adaptation of the patient to chronic disease situation. Methodology. We selected the articles related to the psychological aspects of scoliosis and its treatment between 2017 and 2018. The primary selection included 16 publications, of which 2 were survey studies. Earlier foreign and domestic publications were also included in the analysis in order to compare the changes in treatment and rehabilitation approaches. Literature analysis. Idiopathic scoliosis was considered as a risk factor for psychological discomfort in the forms of stress, negative emotions, anxiety, distortion of the image of “I,” reduced self-esteem, and communication problems. These increase the risk of mental disorders, such as depression, suicidal tendencies, and psychological disadaptation. Discussion. Analysis allows us to highlight the most important topics in the studies of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in recent years: topic on mental health/ill health in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), theme of the psychological component of pain, topic on clinical psychological and social psychological factors that determine the course of the disease of the patients with AIS, quality of life of a child or adolescent with AIS, issues of psychological resources for adaptation to a chronic disease, topic on parents’ perception of their child’s illness, and topic on the psychological accompaniment of patients suffering from AIS. Conclusions. A modern approach to the study of idiopathic scoliosis suggests a point of view from a biopsychosocial model of the disease; therefore, it is necessary to consider various factors affecting the patient’s quality of life, including the psychological component of the disease. Psychological support of the treatment should focus on the formation of the patient’s active position in relation to his or her own life and active coping strategies with chronic disease.

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Introduction. The task of preserving the psychological health of children and adolescents is recognized as most important in the complex conditions of the modern world. Interdisciplinary research addresses the psychological aspects of mental health. For psychological health, understanding the highest level of mental health is an integral characteristic of the well-being of the individual, and the prerequisites for the development of personal maturity. Among the adverse factors in relation to mental and psychological health is what is known as somatic suffering, which occurs in orthopedic diseases. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to orthopedic disease, eliminating maladaptive manifestations in difficult life situations due to the disease, can be important indicators of psychological health of adolescents. Aim. We identify specific indicators of psychological health in adolescents with various orthopedic diseases. Materials and methods. The study involved 90 adolescents: 60 aged 1217 years with orthopedic diseases (30 with articular juvenile chronic arthritis and 30 with long-term consequences of mechanical trauma of the upper and lower limbs, resulting from an accident due to negligence) and a control group consisting of healthy adolescents of the same age. The characteristics of the self-esteem personality component (satisfaction with various aspects of their own lives) in adolescents with orthopedic diseases and their healthy peers were considered traditional indicators of psychological health. We used PiersHarris scale modified by V.I. Gordeev Y.S. Aleksandrovich and test of attitude to disease. Results. In adolescents with various forms of orthopedic disorders, the formation of stable variants of the attitude to the disease with a violation of adaptation of inter- and intrapsychic types is accompanied by the experience of discomfort, difficulties of self-regulation during treatment, and signs of a negative attitude. Formation of stable variants of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses without expressed disorders of mental and social adaptation is accompanied by a feeling of comfort and self-satisfaction. The prevailing reaction at harmonic, allopathic, and anosognosic types of mogutt act as a sanogenic effect. Emerging resistant variants of the attitude to the disease with a violation of adaptation of inter- and intrapsychic types can represent risk factors for breach of psychological health in adolescents with orthopedic diseases.

Введение. Синдром детского церебрального паралича (ДЦП) -распространенное заболевание в индустри-альных странах, которое характеризуется высоким уровнем инвалидизации. Дети и подростки, страдающие ДЦП, оказываются в трудной жизненной ситуации. Физический недостаток многократно тиражируется жиз-ненной ситуацией ребенка в виде других экстраординарных событий: госпитализации, хирургические опера-ции, длительная иммобилизация, отрыв от семьи. Такие события в жизни детей с ДЦП могут сопровождаться переживаниями страха, тревоги, беспомощности, выраженными проявлениями дезадаптации. В этих условиях большое значение имеют биологические и социальные компенсаторные проявления, способствующие восста-новлению нормального функционирования организма и личности. Компенсаторные проявления психологиче-ского уровня связаны с работой механизмов психологической защиты. Большую роль в становлении системы защиты играют отношения между ребенком и его родителями. Защитные механизмы могут формироваться у ребенка в процессе усвоения родительских форм защитного поведения, а также в результате неадекватного отношения матери к болезни ребенка. Цель исследования -изучение защитных механизмов у детей с ДЦП в контексте материнского отношения к болезни ребенка. Организация и методы исследования. В исследовании приняли участие 120 человек. В экспериментальную группу вошли 30 детей, страдающих ДЦП в возрасте от 5 до 11 лет, и их матери. Контрольную группу со-ставили относительно здоровые дети (30 человек) и их матери. Для достижения поставленной цели были использованы элементы клинико-биографического метода, проективная методика CAT, методика диагностики отношений к болезни ребенка (ДОБР). Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Репертуар психологических защитных механизмов у детей с ДЦП ограничен по сравнению со здоровыми детьми. У детей с ДЦП преобладает защитный механизм «отрицание», что может играть негативную роль в процессе адаптации детей в ситуации сложного восстановительного ле-чения. У матерей детей с ДЦП преобладает эмоционально-напряженное отношение к заболеванию ребенка. Избыточно тревожное отношение матери к заболеванию своего ребенка может способствовать формированию психологической защиты по типу отрицания у ребенка с ДЦП, что снижает его психологический компенсатор-ный потенциал и возможности адаптации в условиях сложного восстановительного лечения.Ключевые слова: детский церебральный паралич, дети, детско-родительские отношения, психология. Introduction. Cerebral palsy (CP) has a significant prevalence in industrialized countries and is characterized by a high level of disability. Children and adolescents with CP face challenging situations. Physical defects repeatedly manifest in the daily life of a child in the form of other extraordinary events such as hospitalization, surgery, PSYСHOLOGIСAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN THE CONTEXT OF MOTHERS ATTITUDE TO A CHILD'S DISEASE