Global food demand can be met by agricultural technology. But the increase in demand also needs effective planting and sufficient illumination in order for crops to grow. In order to solve the problems of low planting efficiency and insufficient illumination in traditional greenhouse horticultural fruit tree planting, we propose a three-dimensional double-layer ecological cultivation technology for greenhouse horticultural fruit trees. The design is a double-layered three-dimensional cultivation model. After the growth rate of horticultural fruit trees is determined, the optimal distance between the two-dimensional cultivation layers is determined by weighted Euclidean distance, and the double-layer three-dimensional ecological cultivation mode of greenhouse horticultural fruit trees is designed. Through the analysis of the irradiance of the double bed planting mode, the design of the light environment in horticultural fruit tree planting is completed. A principal component analysis was used to determine the amount of soil components in double-layer three-dimensional ecological cultivation of greenhouse horticultural fruit trees, and the technology of double-layer three-dimensional ecological cultivation was developed. The results show that the planting efficiency of horticultural fruit trees planted by the technology is always higher than 90%, and the illumination in the planting environment is sufficient.