Background: Prediabetes is an important public health problem concern globally, to which dietary patterns have shown varied effects. This study aims to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and prediabetes in Chinese adults. Methods: A total of 7555 adults from Jiangsu province, China, were recruited using a stratified multistage cluster sampling method. Information on diet intake, demographic, blood glucose and other indices were collected by structured questionnaires. Four dietary patterns of Meat diet, Healthy diet, Traditional diet and Fried food with staple diet were identified using Principle Component Analysis and followingly divided into T1-T4 groups according to their quartiles of factor scores. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between dietary patterns and prediabetes. Results: Healthy diet was found to be associated with the lowest prevalence of prediabetes (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting the confounding factors demonstrated that the lowest odds ratio with prediabetes was associated with the third quartile (T3 group) of Healthy diet (Odds Ratio = 0.745, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.645-0.860, P < 0.01), compared with the lower quartile (T1 group). The Meat diet was a potential risk factor for the isolated IFG (Odds Ratio = 1.227, 95%Confidence Interval: 1.070-1.406, P-value<0.01) while Fried food with staple diet was positively linked to the presence of IFG combined with IGT (Odds Ratio = 1.735, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.184-2.543, P-value < 0.01). Conclusions: Dietary patterns rich in meat but low in fresh fruit, fresh vegetable, milk, and fish are positively associated with higher risk of prediabetes, particularly the IFG. Higher Healthy diet consumption was associated with significantly lower risk of prediabetes. Recent global statistics showed that there were 424.9 million people (20-79 years) living with diabetes and 352.1 million people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) while the numbers are expected to be 628.6 million and 531.6 million respectively in 2045 1. Diabetes is prevalent in China. In 2010, the age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 9.7% and 15.5% among Chinese people aged 20 years of age or older, equivalent to 92.4 million of adults with diabetes and 148.2 million with prediabetes 2. Prediabetes refers to the level of glycemic parameters higher than the normal but lower than the diagnostic threshold of diabetes. People with prediabetes is known to be at a higher risk to develop diabetes with an annual conversion rate of 5-10%, and approximately 70% of people with prediabetes may develop diabetes in later life according to the statistics of the American Diabetes

Lung function impairment and hypertension, especially hypertension, are risk factors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, the relationships among lung function impairment, hypertension, and MACEs have not been well-reported.We aimed to investigate the association between lung function and hypertension and MACEs. We studied 6769 people who were a representative sample of the general population in Jiangsu Province using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The average age was 51.54 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the relationships between the blood pressure status and various types of lung function impairment related to MACEs. Over a follow-up of 10 years, 236 MACEs occurred. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, education, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, creatine and use of antihypertensive drugs, hypertension [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.154, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.565-2.966], and restrictive lung function impairment (RLFI) (HR = 1.398, 95% CI: 1.021-1.879) were independently associated with MACEs. Individuals with hypertension and RFLI had the highest risk for MACEs (HR = 2.930, 95% CI: 1.734-4.953) and stroke (HR = 3.296, 95% CI: 1.862-5.832). Moreover, when combined with hypertension, obstructive lung function impairment (OLFI) (HR = 2.376, 95% CI: 1.391-4.056) and mixed lung function impairment (MLFI) (HR = 2.423, 95% CI: 1.203-4.882) were associated with MACEs. There is a synergistic effect of lung function impairment (especially RLFI) and hypertension on MACEs. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the incidence of MACEs in individuals with impaired lung function, especially those who have hypertension.

Background: Previous studies in Western suggest the association between physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, limited evidence is available among Chinese adults. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between PA and the risk of CVD among Chinese adults.Methods: A total of 3568 adults were recruited from seven counties and districts in Jiangsu Province of China using a stratified multistage cluster sampling method. Information of PA, anthropometric measurements and laboratory indices were collected according to standard protocols. Three latent classes of PA were identified using the latent class analysis (LCA) method, and the risk of CVD in the next 10-year was calculated by the Framingham risk score (FRS).Results: Three latent classes of PA were identified: CLASS1 represented participants with high occupational and low sedentary PA (32.1% of male, 26.5% of female), ClASS2 consistently engaged in low occupational and high leisure-time PA (27.0% of male, 14.2% of female). CLASS3 had low leisure-time and high sedentary PA (40.9% of male, 59.3% of female). The FRS in male were higher than that in female across three Latent Classes. CLASS1 (OR=0.694, 95%CI: 0.553-0.869) and CLASS2 (OR=0.748, 95%CI: 0.573 -0.976) were both the protective factors for CVD in males, however, such association was not observed among females.Conclusion: Higher occupational or leisure-time PA were associated with decreased risk of CVD, whilst more sedentary behaviour may increase the risk of CVD among Chinese adults.

Previous studies reported on the association between physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDS) among the Western population. However, evidence on the association between different patterns of PA and the risk of CVDS among Chinese population are limited. This study aims to evaluate the association of different PA types and the risk of CVDS in a Chinese adult population. A total of 3568 community residents were recruited from Jiangsu Province of China using a stratified multistage cluster sampling method. The latent class analysis method was employed to identify the types of PA, and the Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to estimate the risk of CVDS within 10 years. Three types of PA were identified: CLASS1 represented participants with high occupational PA and low sedentary PA (32.1% of male, 26.5% of female), ClASS2 represented those engaging in low occupational PA and high leisure-time PA (27.0% of male, 14.2% of female), and CLASS3 represented low leisure-time and high sedentary PA (40.9% of male, 59.3% of female). The average of FRS in males was higher than that in females across PA types. CLASS1 (OR = 0.694, 95%CI 0.553–0.869) and CLASS2 (OR = 0.748, 95%CI 0.573–0.976) were both found to be protective against CVDS in males; however, such associations were not statistically significant among females. Therefore, higher occupational or leisure-time PA appear to be associated with decreased risk of CVDS, while more sedentary behaviors may increase the risk of CVDS, particularly for male Chinese adults.