Background and aims:

The review article presents the pathogenetic role of atherosclerotic vascular lesions in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between atherosclerosis and inflammation, which is characterized by the identical mechanism in the early phases, which includes the enhancement of the interaction between the vascular endothelium and circulating leukocytes is shown. The definition of such concepts as dyslipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia is given. The classification of hyperlipoproteinemia by Fredrickson, the clinical classification of dyslipidemia, proposed by the Ukrainian Scientific Society of Cardiologists, 2011 is considered. The correction of dyslipidemia, by both non-medicamentous measures, and drug treatment according to different variants of dyslipidemia is shown. The main groups of lipid-lowering drugs are listed. Their main mechanisms of action to reduce blood lipid levels are noted, and their side effects are listed. General recommendations are given on the monitoring of lipids and liver enzymes in patients taking lipid-lowering therapy.

Design and method: Ninety six consecutive subjects aged between 18 to 55 years old otherwise normal patients with hypertension were included. Blood pressure measurement, echocardiographic examination were carried out according to the published guidelines. Aortic stiffness index is calculated by using ASI = ln(SBP/DBP)/[(Asd-Add)/Add] formula, aortic distensibility is obtained by using AD[1/(10 3 xmmHg)] = 2x [(Asd-Add)/Add]/PP formula where Asd and Add means aortic systolic and diastolic diameters respectively. The relation between PPI and ASI or AD were examined.Results: There were 26 men and 70 women in the study population with average age of 47 ± 7 years. Average left ventricle ejection fraction was 65 ± 3%. Mean body mass index value was 29.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2. Mean heart rate at the time of echocardiographic exaination was 74 ± 8 bpm. Average systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 131 ± 16 and 81 ± 6 mmHg respectively. Average ASI and AD values were 2.90 ± 0.55 and 4.49 ± 2.60 1/(10 3 xmmHg) respectively. Both ASI (r = 0.605, p < 0.001) and AD (r = −691, p < 0.001) were well correlated with PPI. Age showed a weak but significant correlation with ASI (r = 0.296, p < 0.005) while not with PPI (r = 0.078, p = 0.451). Conclusions:This study showed that PPI and aortic elasticity were significantly correlated in hypertensive patients. Objective:To determine incidence and risk factors for stroke during a period of 1 year after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in relation to a history of hypertension.Design and method: Study group consisted of 680 consecutive patients underwent CABG at our center,who were followed-up for a period of 1 year after operation. Patients in whom simultaneous valve surgery was performed were not included in the study.

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120,3). Spearman's rank correlation was identified at the level of p < 0,05 in the whole group: between the indices WC and DBP (r = 0,39); HCI and DBP (r = 0,35); between SBP: DBP (r = 0,37), LVPW (r = 0,33), IVST (r = 0,25), RWT (r = 0.24), MMLV (r = 0,32), LVMI (r = 0.30); between BMI: CRA (r = 0,30), LVPW (r = 0,30), IVST (r = 0,41), RWT (r = 0,25), MMLV (r = 0,40), LVMI (r = 0,25); between WCI / HCI: RWT (r = 0,37), IVST (r = 0,27), RWT (r = 0,34). Conclusions:In the group of hypertensive patients a correlation between the indices pointing to overweight and echocardiographic indices of myocardial remodeling was found.Objective: Leptin is an important predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk. Some studies found that adiponectin-to-leptin ratio (A/L) is a better predictor of hypertension (HT) and insulin resistance (IR) than leptin alone. Our goal was to evaluate whether A/L improves the predictive value of leptin for HT and IR in subjects with low cardiovascular risk.Design and method: Participants (N = 208; 135 females; 171 normotensives (NT) and 37 untreated HT (uHT) were selected from a random sample of 2487 subjects enrolled in cross-sectional study, Subjects with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, pregnancy, terminal illness and treated hypertensives were excluded. BP was measured using Omron M6 device following ESH/ESC guidelines. IR was defined as HOMA-IR>3. Adiponectin and leptin concentrations were determined by ELISA.Results: There were 147 insulin resistant (IR), 61 non-IR subjects. Leptin concentration was lower in NT than in .61), p = 0.05), while there was no difference in A/L (p = 0.56). Leptin was significantly higher in IR than non-IR subjects (12.00 (6.00-17.50) vs. 7.64 (3.25-13.64), p = 0.002) while A/L was lower (0.73 (0.43-1.12) vs. 1.35 (0.59-3.20), p < 0.001). Using receiver operating curves (ROC) to examine the predictive value of leptin and A/L for HT and IR we found that leptin values>5.4 ug/L had a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 34% for HT (AUC = 0.604,p = 0.04), while A/L was not a significant predictor of HT (AUC = 0.531, p = 0.53).Objective: Recent guidelines suggest relying on the ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) derived awake mean to corroborate the diagnosis of hypertension suspected by elevated clinic BP measurement. However, several prospective ABPM studies have found elevated sleep-time BP is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than awake BP mean, also in diabetes. We evaluated the combined contribution to CVD risk of clinic, awake, and asleep BP among patients with diabetes participants in the Hygia Project, designed to evaluate prospectively CVD risk by ABPM in primary care centers of Northwest Spain. Design and method:This study involved 2632 patients with type 2 diabetes, 1589 men/1043 women, 65.1 ± 11.6 years of age, with baseline BP ranging from normotension to sustained hypertension according to ABPM criteria, prospectively evaluated throughout a 4.1-year median follow-up. BP was measured at 20-min intervals from 07:00 to 23:00 ...