This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel azido ester plasticizer, 3‐azido‐2,2‐bis(azidomethyl)propyl 2‐azidoacetate (ABAMPA), with good yield and high purity. The density, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature were determined to be 1.326 g ⋅ cm−3, 16 J, 324 N, 235.9 °C and −50.4 °C, respectively. The plasticizing effect of ABAMPA on glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) was calculated by molecular dynamics, the solubility parameter difference value was 1.7(J ⋅ cm−3)0.5, and the glass transition temperature of GAP was reduced from −35 °C to −43 °C when the weight ratio of ABAMPA and GAP was 50 : 50. The new azido ester exhibits high energy, remarkable thermostability and good compatibility with GAP, which indicates that it would have potential application in explosive and propellant formulations.

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The solubilities of energetic material N-nitrodiethanolamine dinitrate (DINA) were measured in ten commonly used pure organic solvents including methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, toluene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and acetonitrile and three binary mixed solvents between 283.15 and 313.15 K by the gravimetric method. The solubility of DINA showed a temperature dependence for all test solvents. The experimental mole fraction solubility data were correlated with a simple Apelblat equation, showing a good fitting between the experimental data and Apelblat equation. The order of the solubility of DINA was 1,2-dichloroethane > acetone > 1,4-dioxane ≈ acetonitrile > ethyl acetate ≈ dichloromethane > methanol + acetone > ethanol + acetone > ethanol + ethyl acetate > dimethyl sulfoxide > toluene > methanol ≈ ethanol. Particularly, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetone, and 1,4-dioxane were preferred as the cooling recrystallization solvents for DINA, while toluene, methanol, and ethanol could be considered for the antisolvent method. All of the obtained results would benefit the purification and crystallization of DINA, which would extend its applications in the field of pyrotechnics.

Novel geminal dinitro ester energetic plasticizers (DNEPs) were designed with different alkane lengths in the mainchain, namely 2,2-dinitropropyl acetate (DNPAc), 2,2-dinitropropyl propionate (DNPPc), and 2,2-dinitropropyl propionate (DNPBc). Due to the incorporation of ester and dinitro groups, these three DNEPs were expected to possess high heat of formations and thermal decomposition temperatures (T p ) and lower glass transition temperatures (T g ). Likewise, their impact sensitivities were all measured as higher than 25.2 J. Due to the maximum alkane length of DNPBc, DNPBc possesses the highest T p and the lowest T g . As plasticizers for glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), DNEPs significantly improve the viscosity and T g of GAP. Particularly, the plasticizing efficiency of DNPBc is higher than that of the reported N-butyl nitroxyethyl nitramine (BuNENA). Likewise, the specific impulses of GAP/HMX based compositions with DNEPs as energetic plasticizers were all slightly higher than that of BuNENA. Therefore, these DNEPs (especially DNPBc) exhibit promising potential as candidates for replacement of BuNENA in GAP based propellants.

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