No abstract

This paper focused on optimizing the process conditions of direct acid leaching process to enhance the leaching efficiency of leaching vanadium from the stone coal. Orthogonal experiments and single factor experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the influential factors of direct acid leaching on vanadium leaching ratio. The results showed that the vanadium leaching ratio reached the maximum value of 89.22 % under the optimal process conditions of CaF2 dosage 5 mass%, H2SO4 dosage 40 mass%, leaching temperature 95 °C and leaching time 10 h. Furthermore, the reaction mechanisms of the main influencing factors were analyzed. Finally, the two-stage counter-current leaching process was adopted to decrease the consumption of sulfuric acid and neutralizer, and the results indicated that the consumption of sulfuric acid decreased 12.50 % as well as neutralizer decreased 35.80 %.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal malignant tumor type of the central nervous system. GBM affects public health and it is important to identify biomarkers to improve diagnosis, reduce drug resistance and improve prognosis (e.g., personalized targeted therapies). Hedgehog (HH) signaling has an important role in embryonic development, tissue regeneration and stem cell renewal. A large amount of evidence indicates that both normative and non-normative HH signals have an important role in GBM. The present study reviewed the role of the HH signaling pathway in the occurrence and progression of GBM. Furthermore, the effectiveness of drugs that target different components of the HH pathway was also examined. The HH pathway has an important role in reversing drug resistance after GBM conventional treatment. The present review highlighted the relevance of HH signaling in GBM and outlined that this pathway has a key role in the occurrence, development and treatment of GBM. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview of GBM 3. The HH signaling pathway 4. Molecular mechanisms of the HH signaling pathway in GBM 5. Targeting the HH signaling pathway in GBM 6. HH pathway and immunotherapy 7. Discussion 8. Conclusion

Frost heave is an important factor affecting the safety and practicability of buildings in cold regions or artificial freezing engineering. In order to reduce frost heave, frost-susceptible silty clay was used in a one-dimensional frost heave testing system in three different freezing modes. The results show that, compared with the continuous freezing mode, frost heave in the intermittent freezing mode and the continuous-intermittent freezing mode is reduced by 14.4% and 43.6%, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that frost heave can be restrained in the continuous-intermittent freezing mode more effectively than in the other two freezing modes. The periodic step growth on the frost heave curves in the continuous-intermittent freezing mode is the main reason for this, as explained by the frost heave theory in this paper. To acquire appropriate settings on the cold end temperature, frost heave tests were carried out at different amplitudes and periods of temperature change in the continuous-intermittent freezing mode. The frost heave decreases with the increase of the amplitude of temperature change and period of temperature change. The power function growth, periodic step growth and periodic polyline growth are shown on the frost heave curves at different periods of temperature change of 2, 4, and 8 h, respectively. Due to the good inhibition effect of frost heave, periodic step growth will be a better way to reduce frost heave, which is of great significance to the life cycle safety of buildings.