Gynaecological malignancies frequently metastasize to contiguous structures, internal organs and bones. Cutaneous metastasis as a primary or recurrent presentation of these malignancies is rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. A twenty year (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) retrospective search for umbilical metastasis from gynaecological malignancies in our departmental case records showed only four cases. Four postmenopausal females presented with painful cutaneous umbilical (Sister Joseph's) nodules. The clinical examinations of all four patients revealed well delineated nodules of varying sizes and degrees of ulceration. Other findings were matted axillary and inguinal lymph node enlargement, intra-abdominal and pelvic masses, vaginal discharge and vaginal bleeding. Incisional tissue biopsies from the nodules were processed in paraffin wax and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histology of the sections showed pigmented skin overlying metastatic malignant tumours consistent with adenocarcinoma from the endometrium and ovary in three cases, and squamous cell carcinoma, large cell keratinizing from the cervix uteri in the fourth case. Gynaecological cancers have a global spread and varied geographic distribution. Cervical cancer is the commonest in our setting and patients often present to hospital with advanced stage disease. Ovarian and endometrial cancers are infrequent and their diagnosis may be delayed by non-specificity of presenting clinical symptoms from other benign tumours at these sites. Although umbilical metastasis is commonly associated with gastro-intestinal malignancies, its presence may be the first harbinger of occult gynaecologic cancer. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2012; 13: 204-7)Key words: Metastasis, umbilical, cervix uteri, squamous cell carcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma Received: 04 November, 2011 Accepted: 03 January, 2012Jinekolojik maligniteler sıklıkla komşu yapılara, iç organlara ve kemiklere metastaz yaparlar. Bu malignitelerin primer veya rekürren prezentasyonu olarak deri metaztazları enderdir ve literatürde sadece bir kaç olgu bildirilmiştir. Jinekolojik malignitelerden kaynaklanan umbilikal metaztazlar için departmanımızın olgu kayıtlarında yirmi yıllık (1991-2010) retrospektif taramada sadece dört olgu bulundu. Menopoz sonrası dört kadın deriyi tutan ağrılı umbilikal nodüllerle (Rahibe Joseph) başvurmuştu. Dört hastanın klinik muayenesi farklı büyüklükte ve farklı ülserasyon derecelerinde iyi sınırlanmış nodülleri ortaya koymuştu. Diğer bulgular aksillar ve inguinal lenf nodlarında paket halinde büyüme, karın içi ve pelvik kitleler, vajinal akıntı ve vajinal kanama idi. Nodüllerden insizyonla elde edilen doku biyopsileri parafin mumunda işlenmiş ve hematoksilin-eozin ile boyanmıştı. Kesitlerin histolojisi üç olguda endometriyum ve overden köken alan adenokarsinoma ile uyumlu metastatik malign tümör ve üstünü örten pigmente deriyi, dördüncü olguda servik...

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The advent of computers and other communication technologies led to major transformations in the way library services are rendered and the profession practiced. The libraries have been automated, networked, and are now moving towards paperless or virtual libraries. This chapter examines various facets of cloud computing, describes types and applications. It also outlines the benefits and challenges of cloud computing in academic libraries. Further, the chapter gives direction about the use of cloud computing services to the library professionals and academic libraries in Nigeria. This chapter may be helpful in generating cloud-based services for academic libraries. The chapter suggests that quality service assurance by cloud providers must be ensured, upgrading of internet bandwidth for fast access and quick information dissemination that would improve academic library services. It concludes that cloud computing is crucial and vital in modern information innovation, especially in academic libraries.

Background: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia is a heterogenous group of proliferative squamous lesions on the ocular surface with varying biologic behaviours. This study aims to report the clinical profile and pathologic characteristics of cases of OSSN seen at a tertiary referral centre in North West NigeriaMethods: A retrospective review of all cases of OSSN diagnosed over a 10-year period was doneResults: OSSN accounted for 68 out of 91 ocular surface lesions affecting twice as many males as females and a peak incidence in the 30-39 years age group. They frequently presented as higher grade and higher stage lesions with invasive squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequently diagnosed OSSN. They also frequently show association with HIV infection and a relatively long duration of symptoms before presentationConclusion: OSSN occur in a relatively young age group in our environment. Certain clinical and epidemiological features appear to [predict the occurrence of higher grade lesions and this may help in the clinical prediction of likely pathologic grade and/or biologic behaviour of these lesions.

Background and Introduction: COVID-19 has affected almost 180 million people around the world, causing the death of about 5 million persons, as of November 16, 2021. The disease presents with a plethora of pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms of varying severity. After an exhaustive review of the literature, we found no data on the mild and moderate COVID-19 disease phenotypes in Northern Nigeria. Our objective is to describe the clinical characteristics of non-severe COVID -19 disease phenotypes in Kano State. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study at the COVID-19 Isolation Center of Muhammad Buhari Specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria. We included all patients admitted from May 2020 to December 2020. Patients’ medical records were assessed and evaluated to describe the clinical characteristics at presentation. We explored time to discharge between patients aged ≤ 50 years old versus those >50. We applied the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator to generate cumulative probabilities of discharge over time and used the Log-rank test to determine differences between the two age groups. We applied Cox Proportional Hazards to identify predictors of time to discharge among the patients in the study. The study variables comprised of time of viral clearance and time to discharge as outcome variables, while main exposure variables included, age, sex, occupation, mode of exposure, presence of co-morbidity, and duration of hospitalization. Results: A total of 187 COVID-19 patients were reviewed. The commonest symptoms were fever, breathing difficulty, and dry cough. There was no recorded death. Contact with a confirmed COVID-19 positive person was the source of infection in 167(89.3%) of patients. We noted faster time to viral clearance in patients on lopinavir compared to those on chloroquine (Log-rank test p-value = 0.048). There were no significant differences in time to discharge between younger (< 50 years) versus older patients (≥ 50 years) [24 days vs. 26 days respectively; Log-rank test p-value = 0.082]. Age, sex, and source of infection did not appear to be predictors of infection phenotype. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The findings of this study have a bearing on the surveillance and diagnosis of COVID-19 in Nigeria. While the plethora of clinical features may not be limited to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, healthcare practitioners should consider these symptom clusters in addition to cognate contact and travel history when confronted with a suspected COVID-19 infection.   Copyright © 2022 Maiyaki et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.