Genetics is the science concerned with the structure and function of all genes in different organisms. Malocclusion is a manifestation of genetic and environmental interaction on the development of the orofacial region. It is important to consider genetic factors to understand the cause of existing problems, which has influence the outcome of treatment.The review aims to provide information to the dental practitioner and orthodontist on basics of genetics and common disorders with gene impairments. These genetic factors in turn have an impact on outcome of orthodontic treatment.

N eurenteric cysts are uncommon tumors of developmental origin. They are asymptomatic in infants, but can present with cord compression in the adolescent and young patient. A large cervico thoracic neurenteric cyst extending to superior mediastinum in a child aged one and half years is discussed. The mass showed histological features of neuroenteric cyst with teratomatous elements. Case reportA one year and four months old girl presented with history of fever, cough and cold at the age of seven months, which lasted for 15 days. During that period, parents noticed deviation of the neck towards the left, which was progressive for a few days and then remained static. General and neurological examination revealed no significant findings except torticollis to left, sluggish tendon reflexes. 1a 1) C) : T2 weighted coronoal Image demonstrating the posterior mediastinal component of the cyst.

BACKGROUND: In the field of Forensic Medicine, one of the most useful pieces of information to be obtained from human skeleton remains, whatever their age is the living stature of the individual for the identification of a person. Status estimation by the length of femur plays an important role in the identification of a decomposed body. AIMS: Study was done to estimate the stature of an individual by the length of femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the department of Forensic Medicine of Patna Medical College, Patna, during the period of Dec-13 to Jan-14. A total of 80 cases (40 rural males and 40 rural females), were studied. RESULTS: The results of present study showed that there was a definite relationship between the length of femur and cadaveric length. It was also clear from this study that prediction of stature is also influenced by sex and racial factor. CONCLUSION: The present work indicates that all the segments of femur have a definite relation with the cadaveric length, but out of four different segments, segment-2 is preferable over segment-3, 4 and 1 in the order of relativity as the segment-3 over preferably segment-4 and segment-1 as indicated by the index of determination.