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Online learning, which is needed more than ever today, plays an important role in the educational development of a society. Through online education, millions of students around the world are getting their education and have achieved new heights in this field. The need has been exacerbated by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused many challenges to the education sector in the country. The learning process of tens of thousands of students was disrupted and caused a major setback in teaching methods, learning mechanisms, and schedules. To prevent the virus from spreading further, the ministries of education (MoE) and higher education (MoHE) in the country, like other countries, tried to provide online learning opportunities to their students. In order to find online learning opportunities, challenges, and solutions, we have collected and analyzed the views of dozens of students and teachers in this research. This research paper discusses the situation in terms of infrastructure, public awareness, cultural and economic aspects, as well as how to coordinate the curriculum in order to promote online education in Afghanistan during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the final section of the research, a number of recommendations have been made for the better development and management of online and e-learning as a whole in Afghanistan.

Quality Assurance in higher education is something that is given more priority than quantity. This issue is very important in the world and Afghanistan today, and it is at the forefront of all programs in government and non-government universities and higher education institutions. This research paper provides a brief history of the quality assurance process and studies of developments in that area. In terms of quality assurance, the duties and responsibilities of teachers, departments, and faculties of higher education institutions and universities have been clarified under the Civil Service Law and the Quality Assurance Framework. Information about the duties of a lecturer, department, and faculty has been collected from university professors and professional technicians. After analysis, these responsibilities have been studied and essential recommendations have been made for their improvement.

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