Purpose: The study examined the effects of the strategies employed by the Alliance for Democracy (AD), the main opposition party in the 1999 general elections in Nigeria, to manage its internal conflicts. Research methodology: This study is qualitative. It analyzed secondary data on Nigeria’s Fourth Republic to explain the management of intra-party conflicts in the Alliance for Democracy (AD). Results: It found that the AD was able to record remarkable successes in the 1998/1999 general elections as a result of its internal mechanism for mediation, bargaining, consultations, and negotiations among the party members. However, its inability to employ effective management strategies to settle internal crises before and after the 2003 general elections signaled the loss of its status as one of the leading parties in the country. Limitations: Despite being the main opposition party in the 1999 general elections, literature on the AD is scanty. This limited insights into events that culminated in the AD’s loss of status as a frontline political party in Nigeria. Contribution: It enriches the literature on the causes of intra-party conflicts and the effects of mismanaging such conflicts on party stability. It also provides deep insights into the reasons for AD’s loss of status from being the main opposition party in Nigeria between 1999 and 2003 to being deregistered in 2020. Keywords: 1. intra-party conflicts 2. management strategies 3. political parties 4. party primaries 5. party stability

Purpose: Nigeria is characterized by ethnic diversity and the quest to achieve ‘unity in diversity’ led to its adoption of federalism as the basic structure and principle of governance. Over six decades after independence, the country remains sharply divided along ethnic lines, and national unity remains a mirage. While there is a burgeoning body of research on the causes, manifestations, and consequences of ethnic diversity mismanagement in Nigeria, few attempts have been made to analytically study the effects of constitutional provisions on the phenomenon. The study, thus, examined the effects of the indigeneity clause in the Nigerian constitution on ethnic diversity management in the country. Research methodology: The study is based on a review of secondary data on Nigeria’s constitutional provisions and institutional processes. Results: It identified that the indigeneity clause in the country’s constitutions has created different notions of citizenship and further exacerbated differences between ethnic groups in the country. The clause established two classes of Nigerians, indigenes, and settlers, and the ensuing ‘us against them’ culture lies at the root of ethnic tensions witnessed in the country. Limitations: Other issues, apart from the indigeneity clause, may also lead to the mismanagement of ethnic diversity in the country. Contribution: The findings and recommendations of the study provide a veritable template to help ensure good ethnic diversity management in Nigeria and other multi-ethnic states. Keywords: 1. citizenship 2. ethnicity 3. indigenes 4. indigeneity clause 5. settlers