The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of risk managers’ psychological and social capital in risk-management capabilities (technical, business processes, and external resources) and the relationship between risk-management capabilities and management performance. This study treated organizational culture as a moderating variable. The research subjects (n = 1000) included top managers, general managers, and managers in various industries. This study found that risk managers’ positive psychological and social capital play important roles in corporate risk-management capabilities. The investigation of the moderating effect of organizational culture also provides important guidelines for future studies. This study found that components of psychological capital (e.g., hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy) had a positive effect on substitute-risk-management capabilities (e.g., technology, business, and external management). Moreover, components of social capital (e.g., managerial tie utilization, trust, and solidarity) had a positive effect on substitute-risk-management capabilities (e.g., technology, business, and external management). The social and psychological capital of a company’s top management and managers are essential elements for strengthening the company’s capabilities for business and risk management. This study also found that the strength of the moderating effects on the relationship between psychological and social capital and risk-management capabilities differs according to the organizational culture. The implications of the study and limitations are discussed.
This study aimed to investigate how cultural values affect ethical consumption behavior. For this purpose, cultural values were divided into the following four groups: vertical individualism, vertical collectivism, horizontal individualism, and horizontal collectivism. Ethical consumption was analyzed across two dimensions: eco-friendly and socioeconomic-oriented consumption. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the results of an online survey. Survey links were texted and e-mailed to 938 subjects who responded after being contacted in advance to join consumer panels registered with a marketing research company. Structural equation modeling with EQS 6 was used to test the hypotheses in this study. Vertical individualism was found to have no significant effect on socioeconomic-oriented consumption. Horizontal individualism, horizontal collectivism, and vertical collectivism, however, positively impacted eco-friendly and socioeconomic-oriented consumption. In addition, an exploratory factor analysis of ethical consumption was conducted to construct the variables. This study provides valuable guidelines for further research into ethical consumption behaviors, that is, eco-friendly ethical consumption behaviors and socioeconomic-oriented ethical consumption behaviors. Based on these components, subsequent studies could provide valuable information regarding consumers’ ethical value structures and the identification of causal relationships with prior factors or happiness outcomes. The study implications are discussed in the conclusion.
The purpose of the study attempts to assess consumer reactions by classifying anthropomorphized messages according to the authenticity of a human brand with which they are associated. And also the study to investigate the causal relationship between attributions of human brand and consumer-brand relationships, brand attitudes, and purchase intention. An experimental design was used to test the hypotheses. To examine factors that can help brands achieve marketing goals through the use of human brands, this study developed research hypotheses and a structural model by focusing on the consumer information-treating process based on the authenticity of a human brand and message type. The results indicate the existence of a between-group difference with respect to anthropomorphized messages as opposed to non-anthropomorphized messages as well as levels of brand authenticity. An interaction effect was observed for the consumer-brand relationship and attitudes toward a brand. In the main effect analysis, anthropomorphized messages induced a stronger consumer-brand relationship, more positive attitudes toward a brand, and stronger purchase intention for a brand. The results of a path analysis indicated that three dimensions of human brand attributions positively affect consumer-brand relationships. This study provides a new ABOUT THE AUTHORS Hee-Eun Han received Ph.D from Kyonggi University in Korea. Her main research interest is in marketing strategy, brand communication and information technology issues in Marketing.Ge-Qi Cui is Ph.D candidate in the department of Business Administration at Kyonggi University, Korea. His main research interest is in brand Communication, alternative marketing strategy, and consumer behavior.
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