In this work, the mechanism of Piper cubeba essential oil anti-inflammatory activity alone and as a supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) was evaluated.

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ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to formulate the anticancer drug; docetaxel (DOX) as nanoparticles to enhance its biological activity.MethodologySolvent precipitation method was used to prepare DOX-loaded nanoparticles and was stabilized by different concentrations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC, E5) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC).ResultsThe results showed that the particle size of the prepared DOX nanoparticles stabilized by SDC was small in comparison to those stabilized by the corresponding HPMC concentrations. The smallest particle size (83.97 nm) was obtained by using SDC as stabilizer at 5% level with zeta potential of −13.6 mV. It was concluded that increasing the stabilizer concentration resulted in increase in both initial and overall cumulative drug release. The release rate in case of nanoparticles stabilized by 5% SDC was 33% and 87% after 1 and 24 h respectively. The results showed that a significant reduction in the viability of FRO cells was observed at all tested time intervals in case of nanoparticles stabilized by 5% SDC at concentrations of 100 and 1000 μM/ml. In contrast, no signs of cytotoxicity was observed for nanoparticles stabilized by 5% HPMC at 10 and 100 μM/ml concentrations.

Purpose: To update long-term results with selective organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer using aggressive transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and radiochemotherapy (RCT) and to identify prognostic and predictive value of the biomarkers ;p53, pRB, BCL2 and EGFR. Patients and Methods: Between 2000 and 2006, a total of 55 patients with T2-T3 bladder cancer were enrolled in 2 sequential bladder-sparing protocols including aggressive TURB and RCT. From September 2000 to May 2003, 25 patients (in protocol no. 1) were treated by TURBT followed by radiotherapy 46 Gy with concurrent cisplatin 20 mg/m² day1-5, followed for complete and partial responders by radiotherapy 20 Gy with concurrent cisplatin (same dose) on the last five days. From December 2004 to April 2006, thirty patients were entered in protocol no. 2 that consisted of radiotherapy 60 Gy with concurrent Cisplatin 75 mg/ m2 q. 3 ws and Gemcitabine 300 mg / m2 D 1, 8 and 15 q. 3 ws for 2 cycles. In case of invasive residual tumor or recurrence, salvage cystectomy was recommended. All specimens were examined for expression of the biomarkers (p53, bcl2, Rb and EGFR) using immunohistochemical staining. results: The median follow-up for all patients is 30 months (range 4-84), 38 months (range 9-84) for patients in P1 and 22 months (4-54) for patients in P2. The actuarial 5-year OS were 58 % (SE 5), 52% (SE 7) and 61% (SE 6),for the whole series, P1 and P2 protocols respectively, (P =0.270). The corresponding figures for cancer specific survival (CSS) were 60%, 55% (SE 7) and 63% (SE 4), (P = 0.452). The 5-year actuarial OSB for all series, P1 and P2 protocols were 51% (SE 6), 46% (SE 7) and 55% (SE 9), respectively, (P = 0.323). For all patients, altered expression of p53, bcl2, pRb and EGFR were detected in (47.3%, 56.4%, 52.7% and 40% respectively The results of UVA showed that tumor stage and altered expression of pRB, BCL2 and EGFR were significantly associated with CSS and OS (P<0.05). There were no grade 4 toxicity and no treatmentrelated deaths. conclusion: Trimodality therapy to preserve the bladder is a therapeutic option that results in a high rate of long-term survivors retaining functional bladders in carefully selected patients. Patients with higher tumour stage and altered biomarkers; pRB, BCL2 and EGFR might not be candidate for bladder preserving approach.