The amidoselenation ofacrylonitrile by the β‐hydroxy selenides (I) and (V), when performed in the presence oftrifluorolnethane‐sulphonic acid, affords the β‐(acrylamido)alkyl phenyl selenides (III) and (VI) in good yields without side reactions caused by hydrogen Chloride.

The reaction of fbmethoxyalkyl 2-pyridyl selenides with acetonitrile in the presence of trifluoromethanesulphonic acid and water affords p-acetamidoalkyl 2-pyridyl selenides in good to excellent yields. This reaction has been used in the two-step amidoseleniation of electron-rich alkenes such as styrene and buta-I ,3-dienes, and of tri-or tetra-substituted alkenes, previously reported as being resistant to amidoselen iation.

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<p>Rivet joints are widely applied in the connections of steel bridges prior to 1950 owing to their tightness and strength. Some rivets become loosened or corroded after repeated loading and long- term usage. Previous studies indicate that replacing riveted joints with a high-strength bolt to achieve friction may be the best approach for repairing a riveted joint. However, for a long riveted joint, which has an uneven load distribution, the removal of individual rivets may overload the other rivets. This study focuses on long riveted joints at the bottom flange of an actual riveted bridge. The load redistribution mechanism involved when the rivet is removed under a dead load is investigated by performing a finite element (FE) simulation. The FE analysis results show that when a rivet is replaced by a bolt, the rivet’s load transferring ability is affected more by rivets near the bolts, whereas more distant rivets pose almost no effects.</p>