Resection of a solitary non-small cell lung cancer recurrence might provide long-term survival in highly selected patients. However, surgical resection might be contraindicated if the primary tumor is stage II or III.

miR-155 specifically inhibits IL-13-induced expression of eosinophilic chemokines CCL11 and CCL26 in bronchial epithelial cells, even though the 3'-untranslated region of these genes do not contain a consensus binding site for miR-155.

BackgroundVesicourethral anastomotic stricture (VAS) is a rare but serious complication following radical prostatectomy (RP), and various types of managements for VAS have been proposed. We investigated the efficacy of transurethral balloon dilation in the management of VAS after RP.MethodsA total of 128 consecutive patients underwent open RP at our hospital between 2008 and 2013; of these, 10 patients (7.8 %) developed VAS. Transurethral balloon dilation was performed in all 10 patients, using a high pressure balloon catheter under fluoroscopic and endoscopic guidance. Follow-up endoscopy was performed, and patients in whom the stricture had recurred underwent repeat dilation. We retrospectively evaluated the management of VAS and short-term efficacy of high pressure balloon dilation.ResultsThe mean time from RP to diagnosis of VAS was 9 months (2–40 months); eight patients (80 %) were diagnosed within 6 months of RP. Balloon dilation of VAS was technically successful in all patients, and no perioperative complications were recorded. The median follow-up after balloon dilation was 24 months (7–67 months). There was no recurrence of VAS in eight patients (80 %) after the first balloon dilation, and all patients were controlled within the twice.ConclusionHigh pressure balloon dilation is a highly effective and minimally invasive procedure for treating VAS.

Fondaparinux is non-inferior to low molecular weight heparin with respect to risk of bleeding. The favorable safety profile of fondparinux supports its prophylactic use as an alternative to low molecular weight heparin after surgery for urological malignancy.

Sunitinib is widely used to treat patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma; however, its influences on the prostate volume and lower urinary tract symptoms remain unclear. To investigate the influence of sunitinib on clinical findings of urinary tract, we recruited a total of 20 male patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who are treated with sunitinib. We evaluated clinical findings during clinical visits over 24 weeks: International Prostate Symptom Score, urine flow rate, residual urine volume, serum prostate-specific antigen level and prostate volume. Residual urine and prostate volumes were significantly decreased at Week 24. The residual urine volume was especially decreased in patients with a high residual volume at baseline. No differences were observed in the International Prostate Symptom Score total score, International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life score, maximal urinary flow rate or prostate-specific antigen level. We observed a reduction in prostate volume and an improvement in urinary symptoms through relief from urinary tract obstruction during sunitinib treatment. Careful attention to urinary functions and drug dose adjustment seems to be necessary in patients with comorbid benign prostatic hyperplasia or dysuria.