The article analyzes the problems of transition of higher education institutions of the Russian Federation to the educational standards of the new generation, which introduce the concept of universal competencies into the educational process. In the process of mastering these competencies, there is a problem of defining the indicators of competence achievement in the form of generalized characteristics that reveal the structure of competence in the process of actions that can be performed by a graduate who mastered this competence to some extent. The article examines the historical experience of the introduction of the concept of competence in the educational process of European universities that joined the Bologna Agreement. The proposals of a number of research centers of Russia to determine the list of indicators of competence achievement are studied. Some examples of formation of universal competences in SSUGT are considered. A number of problems of introduction of educational standards of new generation to educational process of University are designated.

The article deels witn the problem of reducing of oxygen concentration in the urban air environmental. A hypothesis was put forward on the relationship between a decrease in oxygen levels and a reduction of urban green spaces. It was decided to use the cartographic technique to gather more complete information about reducing of urban gardening over a long period of time. The results of a statistical analysis of oxygen concentration in the atmospheric air of Sochi for 50 years are presented. The fact of a steady long-term trend of a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the atmospheric air of Sochi in comparison with the values in Moscow and on average in Russia is confirmed. The sequence of collection and processing of freeware multi-temporal cartographic data for 50 years is presented. The stages of GIS-analysis of gathered materials are described. Preliminary conclusions are made about the validity of the hypothesis. The lack of modern accurate cartographic data of Sochi is noted. Prospects for further research are outlined.

The article deals with the application of mathematical methods, in particular theory of sets, in the compilation and use of cartographic works. Specific examples are given when theory of sets is used in mapping, and examples when it works in creating and using cognitive cartographic resources are given.