The subject matter of the article is a problem that is relevant for developing economies. A legal foundation for economy operation development is consolidated slowly; instead, an illegal flow of money and corruption the population gets actively involved into are expanding. According to official records, the number of unaccounted employees who avoid taxation has exceeded 15 million in Russia. When studying this phenomenon, researchers mainly refer to shadow economy whose scale and financial damage inflicted on the country are known. Population masses involved in the illegal flow of money operate in the shadows, since the latency of corruption processes makes it difficult to explore this phenomenon and invokes sociological methods along with economic methods. The purpose of the article is to show the structure of Russian population's involvement in the illegal cash flow turnover in terms of three aspects: presence in the shadow economy, involvement in corrupt practices, and concealment of a fraction of income aiming to non-payment of taxes. When solving these problems, the authors were to use the method of applied sociology with a subsequent transformation of aggregated information into empirical indicators by economic methods. Based on the research, the authors have explored the structure and motivation of the population to participate in the illegal flow of money, calculated the aggregate economic damage from all types of population incomes that are not undocumented by revenue authorities. By revealing the latent structure of the illegal cash flow, the research findings enable to more accurately plan priority directions of efforts to be made by fiscal bodies to neutralize the population participation in illegal economic and financial activities.

The purpose of this article is an analytical study of modern Russian-speaking (Fairclough, 1996, p. 237-240)

The purpose of this article is to develop an optimization model for determining transit tariffs for energy resources, ensuring maximum efficiency of energy cooperation between Russia and the countries of Central Asia. The informational basis of the study was the statistical values of the indicators in the context of the countries studied for 2010-2017: gross domestic product (GDP), exports, energy imports, CO2 emissions, the level of transit tariffs for oil and gas. In order to achieve the objectives set by the method of multidimensional factor and integral analysis, the effectiveness of export-import relations between the studied countries was evaluated. The regression analysis method determined the elasticity coefficients of the export-import potential of countries and the transit tariff, with their impact on the efficiency of energy trade. Using a non-linear method of the generalized decreasing gradient, a model has been developed for calculating the optimal levels of transit tariffs for oil and gas, at which maximum efficiency of energy cooperation in the framework of export-import operations between Russia and Central Asia is achieved. The developed model for calculating the optimization of transit tariffs for hydrocarbons is based on the mutual reduction of their level between countries and the principle of equivalence. Practical application of the obtained optimal values of transit tariffs will ensure the intensification of export-import operations with hydrocarbons between countries on mutually beneficial economic conditions. It will be the basis for the development of effective strategies for the development of dense energy cooperation in the future.

Имеющий более чем 130-летнюю предыисторию и активно разрабатывавшийся в последнее десятилетие коллективом выдающихся отечественных ученых мегапроект «Единая Евразия: Транс-Евразийский пояс RAZVITIE (ТЕПР) – Интегральная Евразийская транспортная система (ИЕТС)» рассматривается в контексте имеющегося зарубежного и российского опыта проектирования транснациональных и трансконтинентальных транспортных коридоров, прежде всего высокоскоростных железных дорог, а также в связи с планированием дальнейшего развития транспортной системы Российской Федерации.Цель – обоснование необходимости включения мегапроекта ТЕПР-ИЕТС в Транспортную стратегию Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года как первостепенного для развития транспортной системы и повышения эффективности внутренней и внешней политики Российской Федерации, в том числе – для устранения последствий кризиса социально-экономической сферы и нормализации международных отношений.Методология исследования: проводилась оценка актуальности и конкурентоспособности проекта ТЕПР-ИЕТС в контексте зарубежных проектов и научных исследований в сфере транснационального и трансконтинентального железнодорожного сообщения; анализ критериев эффективности реализации Транспортной стратегии Российской Федерации по консервативному и инновационному варианту применительно к показателям развития железнодорожного сообщения, а также в соотнесении с востребованностью железнодорожного грузового сообщения на конец 2020 г. по данным Минтранса России.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно учесть при внесении изменений в текст Транспортной стратегии Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года, а также более десяти лет не обновлявшейся Стратегии развития железнодорожного транспорта в Российской Федерации до 2030 года.