for their helpful comments in revising this manuscript and to Maxim Antinori for his programming of the virtual environment. The conclusions reached are those of the investigators and do not necessarily represent the perspectives of the funder.1 Abstract:The process of social perspective taking holds tremendous promise as a means to facilitate conflict resolution. Despite rapidly accumulating knowledge about social perspective taking in general, scholars know little about how the type of social perspective taking affects outcomes of interest. This study tests whether different ways to "walk a mile in another's shoes" cause different outcomes. By taking advantage of a computer-based simulation (where participants can learn about others by virtually walking around in the shoes of other characters), we assigned participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 842) to five different perspective taking treatments or a control condition. Results show that perspective takers who receive information about the other party foster more positive relationships and make greater concessions than participants who did not receive information about the other party.Furthermore, those who experientially learned about the other party's perspective felt more positive about their relationships and made greater concessions during the negotiation than those who were simply provided information about the other party's perspective. No differences were found between virtually and imaginatively taking the perspective of others. These findings suggest the importance of accounting for the type of social perspective taking in studying how this social-cognitive process may facilitate conflict resolution.Keywords: conflict resolution; interpersonal relationship; negotiation; social cognition; social perspective taking; virtual environment 2 Many Ways to Walk a Mile in Another's Moccasins: Type of Social Perspective Taking and its effect on Negotiation OutcomesOf the many levers that might be applied to resolving intergroup conflicts, social perspective taking (SPT) appears to be one of the most promising. If members of one party can more frequently and more accurately take the perspective of the other party, a wide array of outcomes are likely to improve (Batson, Early, & Salvarani, 1997;Galinsky, Ku, & Wang, 2005;Ickes, 2003). Thus, there has been increasing interest in techniques to cultivate and develop individuals' perspective taking capacity towards ends such as improving conflict resolution (e.g., Johnson & Johnson, 2009b).Virtual environments represent a particularly intriguing context for helping individuals develop their perspective taking capacities (Amichai-Hamburger, 2013). In these settings, individuals can inhabit the virtual character of someone who either shares their values, beliefs, and attitudes-or whose perspective differs in fundamental ways. By presenting increasingly challenging perspective taking tasks (i.e., asking participants to walk around in the shoes of increasingly different individuals), designers of virtual enviro...

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