No abstract

Considerable attention has recently focused on the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of asthma, with special emphasis on "late-phase" bronchoconstriction and increased airway hyperreactivity after antigen challenge in sensitized subjects. The present report describes the histopathologic changes in guinea-pig lung and trachea at various time intervals after ovalbumin inhalation in nonsensitized (control) and sensitized animals. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was also used to assess the accompanying accumulation of intraluminal leukocytes. A distinct leukocyte margination, consisting of neutrophils and eosinophils, was observed in the peribronchial vasculature as early as 8 min postchallenge in sensitized guinea pigs. At 6 h, the eosinophils predominated and migrated to the peribronchiolar smooth muscle layer. Between 6 h and 18 h, eosinophils were seen in tracts between the smooth muscle cell layers, accumulating in large numbers in the bronchial mucosal epithelium. This pattern persisted for at least 7 days postchallenge during which eosinophils remained the dominant cell type present. Peribronchiolar accumulation of neutrophils and mononuclear cells was minimal at all time points studied. Intraluminal mucus eosinophilia developed between 18 h and 7 days. A similar pattern of eosinophil infiltration was observed in the tracheal epithelium. Control, nonsensitized, guinea-pig lungs showed minor changes with little or no eosinophil infiltration at any time after antigen challenge. These findings correlated well with the BAL study in which sensitized guinea pigs exhibited a marked delayed increase in eosinophil counts between 18 h and 7 days compared with that in nonsensitized animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The class of simple separable KK-contractible (KK-equivalent to {0}) C*-algebras which have finite nuclear dimension is shown to be classified by the Elliott invariant. In particular, the class of C*-algebras A ⊗ W is classifiable, where A is a simple separable C*-algebra with finite nuclear dimension and W is the simple inductive limit of Razak algebras with unique trace, which is bounded (see [40] and [26]).

No abstract

A s s~~c rThe propionic acids represent the largest chemical class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID). Several of them are widely used, both in the United States and internationally. This paper discusses observations made on fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen and naproxen. Of these compounds, three are racemates; the fourth, naproxen, is an enantiomer. As a group, the propionic acids, along with most members of the other classes of NSAID, produce gastrointestinal damage in most species. These lesions vary from erythema, hemorrhage and erosion to ulceration and peritonitis. As might be expected, the degree of gastrointestinal intolerance depends on many factors: the individual compound, the dose-level, the duration of the period of drug administration, and the pharmacokinetics and metabolism in a given species. For example, in our experience the rat is less tolerant of NSAID than is the monkey, and the dog is less tolerant than the rat. Gastrointestinal lesions have been seen following both parenteral and oral administration; these findings suggest that factors other than local irritation play a role in the development of lesions. Most NSAID inhibit prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase activity, which results in a prostaglandin deficiency at the tissue level. The administration of relevant exogenous prostaglandins, such as 16,16-dimethyl PGE,, has been shown to inhibit the gastrointestinal toxicity accompanying the administration of several NSAID, including some of the propionic acids.