Discontinuous innovation though attempt to solve consumers most delicate needs but due to changes in trends and preferences, it becomes something of strategic importance for a brand to be re-engineered to improve quality, functions, features, performance amongst others to achieve compatibility. The study sought to establish whether a product or service that goes through some form of disruption (re-engineering) can enhance the competitive advantage of the firm. Relational and conceptual analysis were employed for the study. The study established that a successful re=engineered brand does not strictly follow the diffusion process proposed for innovation products. It also revealed that perceived risk and the cost of developing marketing strategies including communication and promotion is low since the market is already aware of the brand. The inno-early-vators is a major factor towards the growth and sustainability of the re-engineered brand or product. The study again revealed that the higher rate of adoption of a re-engineered brand owes greatly compatibility and reduction in perceived risk.

Mobile phone banking is a new system of banking in the country and as such most of the network operators are now engaging and using it. Mobile phone banking is banking using mobile phone devices to transact businesses in the country. Today the internet is considered a mature medium, despite its relative newcomer status. The internet is more accessible to more people globally than any other medium except television. Most people now access the internet in Ghana than previously and due to this some firms are embarking on e-marketing to compete in the world. Now people can access the internet at any place and anywhere with the help of the network operators using their cell phones. Some of the objectives set for this research are to determine the type of documentations required before one can access his/her money and to identify where and when the recipients could access their monies. During the research it came out that customers need a form of identification and a secret code before they can access their monies and also the respondents are of the opinion that the mobile phone banking is easy and convenient and they spend less time accessing their monies. It was recommended that the network operators should educate the general public about the merits and demerits of the new technology as well as equipping their outlets with the state-of-the-art equipments.

The proliferation of pharmaceutical shops, licensed chemical sellers with it attendant over-the-counter-drugs, the limited availability of health facilities and the vast difference between the cost of attending a hospital and the cost of buying known-drugs for use has necessitated the readily preference for majority of people in Africa particularly the middle and the low income groups to buy unprescribed medicines from pharmaceutical shops for use whenever they detect  a family member or a relative is not in a good state of health. The researchers sought to find out factors influencing majority in Africa buying medicines from medical shops for use without prescription, an issue destroying the youth as a result of abuse and in some cases putting the health of many in danger due to the little know how of the sales attendants in the medical shops. A sample size of 200 was used with a non-probability sampling method used to gather data obtained and a descriptive analysis used. The researchers identified the need for cost reduction for treatment to encourage hospital attendance and about a 200 bed capacity hospital per thousand of every household should be a policy in Africa. That a prescription should be inspected by both the pharmaceutical shops and other retailers prior to sale of pharmaceutical products or medicines.   Keywords: pharmaceutical shops, medicines, self-medication, consumption, unprescribed