Visceral Leishmaniasis is a very dangerous form of leishmaniasis and, shorn of appropriate diagnosis and handling, it leads to death and physical disability. Depicting the spatiotemporal pattern of disease is important for disease regulator and deterrence strategies. Spatiotemporal modeling has distended broad veneration in recent years. Spatial and spatiotemporal disease modeling is extensively used for the analysis of registry data and usually articulated in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. In this study, we have developed the hierarchical spatiotemporal Bayesian modeling of the infected rate of Visceral leishmaniasis in Human (VLH). We applied the Stochastics Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) approach for a spatiotemporal hierarchical model for Visceral leishmaniasis in human (VLH) that involves a GF and a state process is associated with an autoregressive order one temporal dynamics and the spatially correlated error term, along with the effect of land shield, metrological, demographic, socio-demographic and geographical covariates in an endemic area of Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. The model encompasses a Gaussian Field (GF), affected by an error term, and a state process described by a first-order autoregressive dynamic model and spatially correlated innovations. A hierarchical model including spatially and temporally correlated errors was fit to the infected rate of Visceral leishmaniasis in human (VLH) weekly data from January 2015 to December 2017 using the R package R-INLA, which allows for Bayesian modeling using the stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approach. We found that the mean weekly temperature had a significant positive association with infected rate of VLH. Moreover, net migration rate, clean water coverage, average number of households, population density per square kilometer, average number of persons per household unit, education coverage, health facility coverage, mortality rate, and sex ratio had a significant association with the infected rate of visceral leishmaniasis (VLH) in the region. In this study, we investigated the dynamic spatiotemporal modeling of Visceral leishmaniasis in Human (VLH) through a stochastic partial differential equation approach (SPDE) using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA). Our study had confirmed both metrological, demographic, sociodemographic and geographic covariates had a significant association with the infected rate of visceral leishmaniasis (VLH) in the region.

Recent trends in the organization of work have increased the risk of occupational safety and health (OSH) in Kenyan industries through exposure to hazardous substances, work related accidents and increased stress-related illnesses. According to International lab our organization (ILO) everyone is entitled to the right to safe and healthy working conditions and therefore the corpus of law in Kenya dealing with occupational safety and health should be embedded in the international OSH legal instruments. Specifically the occupational health and safety Act (2007) is expected to provide for safety, health and welfare of workers and all persons lawfully present at workplaces. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate legal framework as a determinant of implementation of occupational health and safety programmes in the manufacturing sector in Kenya. It focused on six legal areas predicted as affecting implementation of OSH. These factors were national OSH policy, OSHA (occupational safety and health Act) familiarity with OSHA, government OSH inspections and audits, ease of implementation of OSHA, Government support in the implementation of ISSN 2162-3058 2014 www.macrothink.org/ijhrs 22 OSH and OSHA implement ability. The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional survey design but however intended to gather both qualitative and quantitative data. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 257 OSH officers drawn randomly from 735 manufacturing industries registered by Kenya manufacturers association. 252 questionnaires were received back and analyzed with the help of SSPS window version 21. Both correlation and regression analysis were conducted and the results showed that there was a positive significant relationship between legal framework and implementation of OSH programmes. International Journal of Human Resource Studies

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Employee performance is key to the success of many organizations. This service is normally provided by the human resources in that organization. Corporate leaders of business organizations provide employee welfare services among them employee counselling services as a way of either motivating their employees to improve their productivity. However, little information is known about such as employee counselling services by all the stakeholders in NGOs. The primary purpose of this study was to focus on the relationship between employee welfare services and performance in non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were: to assess the influence of employee counselling services on performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study is likely to aid the NGOs management boards, policy makers in government, human resource professionals and scholars and researchers in policy formulation for employee counseling services in order to improve performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study employed both correlational and descriptive survey designs. The fundamental model shaping this study was the linear regression model. The target population of the study was 14,283 employees in NGOs in Kenya. The sample size of the study was 372 respondents comprising junior management at 242, middle management at 97 and top management staffs at 33 chosen by simple random stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected using both questionnaires and interviews. The data was analysed using the Statistical packages for social sciences (version 23). The main findings of the study indicated that employee welfare practices such as employee counselling services influenced performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study also found that 81% of performance in NGOs in Kenya was explained by the independent variables of the study such as employee economic support, recreational facilities at work place, employee counselling services and social support. Finally, the study also contributed to theory and knowledge for humanity. However, the study found that the most significant factor influencing performance of the NGOs in Kenya was employee social support with P-Value at 0.439, followed by employee economic support with P-Value at 0.372, recreation facilities with P-Value at 0.358 and lastly employee counselling with P-Value at 0.208. The study had limitations, that is, the respondents were not consistent and the sample size of the study was limited in scope. The study concluded that employee welfare practices such as employee counselling services had a significant positive relationship with performance in NGOs in Kenya and recommended that a policy on other employee welfare practices such as grievance cells and suggestion schemes be considered and adopted by NGO management boards. This is likely to motivate employees to work better and with determination to enhance performance in NGOs in Kenya.

Olkin [1] proposed a ratio estimator considering <i>p</i> auxiliary variables under simple random sampling. As is expected, Simple Random Sampling comes with relatively low levels of precision especially with regard to the fact that its variance is greatest amongst all the sampling schemes. We extend this to stratified random sampling and we consider a case where the strata have varying weights. We have proposed a Multivariate Ratio Estimator for the population mean in the presence of two auxiliary variables under Stratified Random Sampling with L strata. Based on an empirical study with simulations in R statistical software, the proposed estimator was found to have a smaller bias as compared to Olkin’s estimator