No abstract

Проаналізовано стан автомобільних вантажних перевезень в Україні та країнах-членах Європейського союзу. Досліджено процес транспортування вантажів у мережевому представленні з метою удосконалення схем їх доставки. Запропоновано використання сучасних засобів інформаційних технологій для розв'язання задачі комівояжера комбінаторним способом і транспортної задачі у вигляді дорожньо-транспортної мережі симплексним методом. Розглянуто як збалансовані, так і незбалансовані за обсягами перевезень вантажу транспортні задачі, враховано обмеження на пропускні здатності транспортних комунікацій. Використання удосконалених методів оптимізації міжнародних транспортних перевезень з залученням розроблених комп'ютерних програм дозволить автоматизувати процеси розрахунку і підвищить економічну ефективність перевезень Ключові слова: дорожньо-транспортна мережа, задача комівояжера, транспортна задача, симплексний метод, оптимізація міжнародних транспортних перевезень Проанализировано состояние автомобильных грузовых перевозок в Украине и странах-членах Европейского Союза. Исследован процесс транспортировки грузов в сетевом представлении с целью усовершенствования схем их доставки. Предложено использование современных средств информационных технологий для решения задачи коммивояжера комбинаторным способом и транспортной задачи в виде дорожно-транспортной сети симплексным методом. Рассмотрены как сбалансированные, так и несбалансированные по объемам перевозок груза транспортные задачи, учтены ограничения на пропускные способности транспортных коммуникаций. Использование усовершенствованных методов оптимизации международных транспортных перевозок с привлечением разработанных компьютерных программ позволит автоматизировать процессы расчета и повысить экономическую эффективность перевозокКлючевые слова: дорожно-транспортная сеть, задача коммивояжера, транспортная задача, симплексный метод, оптимизация международных транспортных перевозок

6 tation. A very important element of ITS is the means of forecasting the vehicle speed. It is known that it depends on road and transport conditions, aside from a subjective factor. Road conditions are usually defined, and information about them is available over at least one transport cycle. For example, through online service the driver can build the shortest route between the specified points on desired roads, quickly learn about technical conditions of roads, weather, route parameters. Based on this, it is possible to calculate the optimum motion program, which provides minimum resource consumption and timely implementation of the transport task [1]. However, so far nobody forecasted traffic density on highways with the correct accuracy, and also determined the mutual influence of traffic participants on the forced average speed. Therefore, in practice, the time of arrival at the desti

The article deals with the modified Dijkstra’s  algorithm of searching the shortest routes between all transport nodes of the road-transport network, which allows presenting the transport problem in the classical matrix form. This makes it possible to apply each of the known methods of optimal transport plans to solve it. The object of study is the transport process of freight transportation on the transport network by routes of international transport corridors. The purpose of the work is to improve the methods of solving the problems of finding the shortest routes on the transport network, including sections of international transport corridors. The research method is the analysis and modeling of freight transportation on road networks. The modified Dijkstra’s method of finding the shortest paths between all nodes of the road-transport network was work out, which allows to represent the transport problem in the classical matrix form, i.e. in the form of a table of connections. This makes it possible to apply each of the known methods of constructing optimal plans of cargo transportation in the table of connections. The software complex based on the developed algorithm was designed in the algorithmic language Delphi, which was tested on the example of a transport problem set in the form of a road network, as well as complex testing and debugging of a computer system to support decision-making on the optimization of freight traffic on Ukrainian and Western Europe transport systems.

This paper reports a comparative analysis of the known methods for reducing open transportation problems to a balanced form in order to further optimize freight traffic based on them. A series of significant shortcomings have been revealed that largely narrow the scope of their application. A new method has been proposed, termed the method of proportional redistribution of cargo transportation volumes among participants in the transportation process, devoid of the identified shortcomings. The transportation problem is a special case of the general linear programming problem, to which one of the methods for solving it, namely the simplex one, can be applied. A procedure to construct a simplex table based on the data from the transport table has been described, as well as the algorithm of subsequent simplex transformations. A transportation problem is often stated in the form of a map of the location of transport hubs of cargo dispatch and destination. A matrix-network model has been proposed, which makes it possible to reduce the network representation to a matrix form with the subsequent finding of the optimal plan for cargo transportation. In order to identify the priority of methods for reducing open transportation problems to a balanced form, 100 transportation problems that are unbalanced in terms of the volume of cargo transportation were solved. That was done with the help of a designed decision support system for the management of freight transport. As a criterion, the best freight transportation plan was chosen. As a result, the simplex method proved the best in 48 cases, the coefficient method ‒ in 27, the dummy node method ‒ in 16, and the difference method ‒ in 9 cases. The use of a decision support system for the management of freight transport has increased its efficiency by an average of 25 %