The aim: To analyze contemporary practical means to improve diagnostics of primary fallopian tube cancer. Materials and methods: Authors analyzed specifics of clinical signs and anamnesis in 152 PFTC patients. Diagnostic capacity of cytological analysis of pathologic vaginal discharge, X-ray contrast methods of examination, sonography, tumor markers, and computed tomography was studied. Own results of PFTC diagnostics using different methods and world practice using MRI, PET-CT and laparoscopy were discussed. Results: Using own observations authors conclude that clinical analysis and complex use of the listed methods allows to mainly determine high risk group patients and set correct preoperative diagnosis in 35% and preliminary diagnosis in 20% of PFTC patients. Conclusions: Complex examination allows to recognize primary fallopian tube cancer on preoperative stage and to avoid inadequate surgical interventions in majority of PFTC patients.

To date, the reliable diagnoses primary fallopian tube cancer (PFTC) before surgery range from 0% to 10–15%. Number of misdiagnosis even during operations reaches 30–50% and PFTC is often disguised as innocent hydro-hematosalpinx or other diseases.Research objective: to study the possibilities of PFTC diagnosis during laparotomy and laparoscopy, macroscopic examination of removed macrodrugs, suboperative use of morphological studies, problems of histological interpretation of PFTC after surgery.Materials and methods. During the period from 1966 to 2020 authors of article selected and retrospectively studied quite informative medical histories of 105 patients with PFTC aged 34 to 78 years (mean age 55.8 years). All patients were operated. Revision of the pelvic organs and abdominal cavity was performed during operations. Removed macrodrugs were examined macroscopically and histologically. According to the indications during operations histological and cytological methods of rapid diagnosis were used. Immunohistochemical methods were used to interpret rare and difficult to diagnose tumors after surgery.Results. Only 7 (6.6%) from 105 patients with PFTC was not recognized during surgery, and 18 (17.1%) were diagnosed only after suboperative histological examination. Errors during operations in the initial PFTC forms (without careful study of macrodrugs and suboperative morphological examination) can reach 23.8%. Problems with the primary lession interpretation, which arose in 11 (10.5%) patients with a pronounced tumor process, did not prevent the choice of adequate surgery. The tumor dissemination of the fallopian tube outside was detected in 69 (72.4%) patients, in 25 (26.2%) among them there were lymph node metastases.Conclusion. Careful revision of the abdominal organs and macroscopic examination of removed drugs using suboperative morphological studies avoids errors in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with PFTC.