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ABSTRACT:The NMR-MOUSE is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor for unilateral NMR of materials suitable for process and quality control. Practical aspects of the sensor construction are described, in particular radiofrequency coil design and shielding procedures to reduce probe ringing. Dead times of less than 20 s can be achieved at frequencies in the vicinity of 20 MHz with permanent magnets within sensitive volumes up to 4 mm deep. First applications of the NMR-MOUSE to the analysis of historical books are reported.

Two retarded children were conditioned by operant shaping techniques to imitate vocal items presented by the experimenter. The subjects were reinforced for increasingly accurate imitations of the training items. Training was done alternately by a serial method, in which one item was trained to criterion before the next item was introduced, for a series of three items; and a concurrent procedure in which three words were shaped into accurate imitations at the same time. Immediately after reaching criterion in each training procedure, the continuous reinforcement schedule was gradually reduced to an intermittent schedule, and unreinforced, untrained probe items were introduced among the accurately imitated training items. Response to these probe items was later rated for imitation accuracy. There was no significant difference in the number of trials required to reach criterion performance through the concurrent and serial training procedures. As the number of correct imitations increased, the accuracy of the unreinforced probe items also generally increased. However, the increase in probe accuracy following concurrent training was consistently greater than following serial training. The results suggests that teaching verbal imitations concurrently may be advantageous in establishing a functional behavioral class of accurate imitation without increasing training trials.Increasing theoretical attention has been given to imitation as a key concept in the theoretical analysis of language development and socialization (

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