In the world, one billion people are affected by tropical diseases, mainly people with low economic resources in rural and marginal urban regions. Being an important public health problem, prevention and control have been attempted. Achieving relevant progress in this regard. The objective is to show aspects related to the sanitary approach of tropical diseases. Based on the documentary review of virtual databases based on systematic analysis. The findings were grouped into: advances in the control of tropical diseases; tropical diseases from the prism of human rights; and challenges to consider for the maintenance of the control and extension of the prevention of tropical diseases. It is concluded that despite the complexity of the transmission of tropical diseases, great advances have been made in the control and prevention of some of them; that the principles of participation, non-discrimination and responsibility guarantee the human right to health in tropical diseases; that the progress achieved in the control and prevention of tropical diseases requires international support, consideration of environmental factors, timely health response, professional training, community participation and the promotion of research on the subject.