Background: Brachycephalic dogs (BD) are prone to congenital upper airway obstruction (brachycephalic syndrome, BS). In humans suffering from sleep apnea, upper airway obstruction is known to cause hypertension. There is no information regarding the influence of BS in dogs on cardiorespiratory physiology.Hypothesis: BD are prone to lower P a O 2 , higher P a CO 2 , and hypertension compared with meso-or dolicocephalic dogs (MDD).Animals: Eleven BD and 11 MDD. Methods: After a questionnaire was completed by the owner, a physical examination was performed. Height and thoracic circumferences were measured. Arterial blood gases, electrolyte concentrations, and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. Systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), and diastolic (DAP) arterial blood pressure recordings were performed.Results: A total of 7 French and 4 English bulldogs met the inclusion criteria. The control group consisted in 6 Beagles, 2 mixed breed dogs, 1 Staffordshire Bull Terrier, 1 Parson Russell Terrier, and 1 Australian Cattle Dog. Statistically, BD had lower P a O 2 , higher P a CO2, and higher PCV when compared with controls (86.2 ± 15.9 versus 100.2 ± 12.6 mmHg, P = .017; 36.3 ± 4.6 versus 32.7 ± 2.6 mmHg, P = .019; 48.2 ± 3.5 versus 44.2 ± 5.4%, P = .026, respectively). Also, they had significantly higher SAP (177.6 ± 25.0 versus 153.5 ± 21.7 mmHg, P = .013), MAP (123.3 ± 17.1 versus 108.3 ± 12.2 mmHg, P = .014), and DAP (95.3 ± 19.2 versus 83.0 ± 11.5 mmHg, P = .042). BD with a P a CO 2 >35 mmHg were significantly older than those with a P a CO 2 35 mmHg (58 ± 16 and 30 ± 11 months, P = .004).Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that some BD are prone to lower P a O 2 , higher P a CO 2 , and hypertension when compared with MDD. Age may be a contributing factor.

This study demonstrated that 700 microg/kg ketamine given intravenously postoperatively followed by a six-hour ketamine CRI of 10 microg/kg/minute improved patient feeding behaviour.

Our series describes the treatment of accidental ivermectin parenteral overdose in 20 cats with early initiation of IVLE therapy. An early bolus followed by a 30-minute constant rate infusion of IVLE appeared to mitigate the signs of ivermectin toxicosis in cats compared to a single treatment bolus. Our observations also suggest that cats with a low BCS given only a bolus of IVLE treatment were more likely to develop signs of ivermectin intoxication and require a greater amount of IVLE for the resolution of clinical signs. Based on our observations, BCS appears to influence the severity of ivermectin toxicity with a low BCS being associated with more severe signs of ivermectin toxicity.

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Butorphanol administered intramuscularly at 0.2 mg/kg provided a degree of sedation allowing eye examination, but was found to interfere with STT-1, PS, and IOP values among the diagnostic tests studied. However, these values remained within normal limits.