O conhecimento da variabilidade temporal das chuvas, possibilita prever mudanças no sistema hidrológico, planejar e gerenciar os recursos hídricos locais. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade temporal da precipitação pluvial e, realizar o Balanço Hídrico Climatológico (BHC), visando a caracterização da disponibilidade hídrica face às mudanças nos padrões de chuva do município de Chimoio, Moçambique, como também, classificá-lo climaticamente. Para isso, foram obtidos dados diários de precipitação pluvial e temperatura média do ar para o período de 1989 a 2018. A variabilidade da precipitação foi avaliada mediante a aplicação do Desvio Padronizado da Precipitação, teste sequencial de Mann-Kendall e regressão linear. Por meio do BHC foram determinados: deficit hídrico (DEF), excesso hídrico (EXC), retirada de água do solo (RET), reposição de água da chuva ao solo (REP), evapotranspiração real (ETR) e evapotranspiração potencial (ETP). A classificação climática foi obtida por meio dos índices: hídrico (Ih), aridez (Ia), umidade (Iu) e eficiência térmica (Iet). A precipitação pluvial de Chimoio não apresentou mudanças significativas no seu comportamento. Contudo, verificou-se grande oscilação, com valores anuais variando de 546,6 mm a 1724 mm, e média de 1016,63 mm. Observou-se um DEF anual de 240 mm entre abril e novembro, EXC de 226,4 mm e REP 96,4 mm entre dezembro e janeiro. O clima foi caracterizado como C2 B’3 s2 w a’. Os resultados obtidos poderão subsidiar o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas ao gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, além de mitigar impactos ocasionados pela variabilidade da chuva no município de Chimoio, Moçambique. Temporal analysis of rainfall and climate water balance for the municipality of Chimoio, MozambiqueA B S T R A C TThe knowledge of the temporal variability of rainfall makes it possible to foresee changes in the hydrological system, to plan and manage local water resources. The objective was to evaluate the temporal variability of rainfall and to carry out the Climatic Water Balance (CWB), aiming to characterize water availability in the face of changes in rainfall patterns in the municipality of Chimoio, Mozambique, as well as to classify it climatically. For this purpose, daily rainfall data and average air temperature were obtained for the period from 1989 to 2018. The variability of precipitation was assessed by applying the Standardized Precipitation Deviation, Mann-Kendall sequential test, and linear regression. The CWB determined: water deficit (WD), water surplus (WS), removal of water from the soil (RWS), replacement of rainwater to the soil (RRS), actual evapotranspiration (AET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET). The climatic classification was obtained by means of the indices: water (Iw), aridity (Ia), humidity (Ih), and thermal efficiency (Ite). The Chimoio rainfall did not show significant changes in its behavior. However, there was a large oscillation, with annual values ranging from 546.6 mm to 1724 mm, and an average of 1016.63 mm. An annual WD of 240 mm was observed between April and November, WS of 226.4 mm, and RRS 96.4 mm between December and January. The climate was characterized as C2 B'3 s2 w a'. The results obtained can support the development of public policies aimed at the management of water resources, in addition to mitigating the impacts caused by the variability of rainfall in the municipality of Chimoio, Mozambique.Keywords: water deficit, climatic classification, climate changes, Mann-Kendall.
Knowledge of rainfall patterns improves agricultural planning and assists in the development of public policies. Thus, the objective was to estimate the monthly and annual rainfall patterns for the municipality of Chimoio, Mozambique. For this, we apply to a series of 32 years (1989-2020) of monthly and annual scale data, the Gamma probability distribution function (GPD). The estimate of rain occurrence was performed at levels of 25, 30, 40, 50, 70, 75, 80, and 90% probability. We performed the adequacy of the GPD using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) adherence tests; Chi-square and Shapiro-Wilk, at 1% significance. Our study showed that the GPD met the KS test, indicating that it can be used to estimate rainfall patterns. Historically, the rainy season in Chimoio comprises December to March, and the months from April to November correspond to the dry season. We also show that there is a 75% probability of rainfall between 30 and 100 mm in the rainy season, with higher values in December (104.3 mm) and January (133.33 mm). Annually, the average rainfall is 1027.7 mm, with a probability of 40 and 50% of rainfall equal to 1065.3 and 990.1 mm, respectively. In the period studied, we noticed that 1997 (1724 mm) and 2006 (546.6 mm) were the wettest and driest years, respectively, showing the great variability of local rainfall patterns. The GPD adequately expressed the probability of rainfall in Chimoio, and can be an important tool for agricultural planning and public policy development in the municipality.
Otimização da clarificação de águas turvas com sementes de Moringa oleifera Optimization of turbid water clarification with Moringa oleifera seeds Resumo O pó de sementes de Moringa oleifera possui a capacidade de coagular e flocular coloides presentes na água. A clarificação depende de fatores como pH inicial, concentração do pó da semente e os tempos de misturas rápida e lenta. Este trabalho objetivou otimizar esses fatores por meio de planejamento experimental pela técnica do Delineamento Central Composto Rotacional (DCCR) e análise pela Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR). Foram realizados 28 ensaios em Jarteste, sendo usados cor aparente e turbidez como variáveis respostas. Para as condições ótimas, as remoções de cor aparente e turbidez foram de 80% e 94%, respectivamente. A análise dos efeitos principais e das interações das variáveis independentes mostraram que, para a turbidez, os fatores mais significativos foram a concentração de Moringa, os tempos de mistura rápida e lenta e a interação entre esses tempos. A análise de variância mostrou que o modelo matemático que melhor se ajustou ao experimento foi o da remoção da turbidez. Palavras-chave: Moringa oleifera.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.