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Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is a major complication that can occur before or after orthognathic surgery, though the aetiology is unclear. ICR is defined as a change in condyle form, along with decreased condylar head volume and ramus height, and can lead to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and dysfunction (Wolford & Cardenas, 1999). Essentially, excessive mechanical loading including compressive and tractional stress induces change to the form of the condylar head. Ichimiya et al. (2007) investigated the effects of compressive loading, while Gassner, Buckley, Studer, Evans, and Agarwal (2000) reported the effects

Background: Although bone graft (BG) is the gold standard for bone augmentation, its use is hampered by donor site morbidity and limited quantity.Purpose: To evaluate the capabilities of bone formation by cortical bone repositioning (CBR) as the healing response following grafting of autogenous bone block without filling biomaterial at the gap between gap and recipient.Materials and Methods: Twelve Japanese White rabbits were divided into three groups (postoperative 2, 5, and 8 weeks). A cortical block was freed from the mandibular body, half of the block was positioned and fixed overlapped the original bone surface beside the defect and the other half remained only elevated above the defect. Three areas were decided for the evaluation; BG, CBR, and defect (D) area.Areas were evaluated by micro-CT, histology, and histomorphometric analysis.Results: There is no statistical difference between BG and CBR by evaluating distance and area in histomorphometrical analysis (P < .05). D area showed statistical decrease compared with BG and CBR at week 2. Histologically, new bone was evident at week 2, mature bone was observed in all three areas at week 8, D area disappeared and fused completely with the elevated bone block.Conclusion: CBR has potential for bone augmentation as BG induced from its own regenerative ability of healing process. K E Y W O R D Sbone augmentation, bone grafting, bone regeneration, cortical bone repositioning

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