El derecho a la salud y su forma operativa desde la perspectiva de la respuesta social organizada en salud –esto es el derecho a la protección de la salud– son el sustento principal para el impulso global de la cobertura universal en salud. De forma práctica, esta cobertura universal implica la conexión entre la demanda y la oferta de servicios (promoción, prevención y atención). La posibilidad que tiene cada individuo de hacer uso de los servicios cuando lo requiere es la expresión de la cobertura universal; es entonces cuando se habla de acceso efectivo. El objetivo de este documento es explorar la conceptualización del acceso efectivo a servicios de salud y proponer una definición que permita la operacionalización del mismo. Esta definición considera elementos centrales de la oferta y la demanda de servicios, incluye la disponibilidad de recursos y la prestación adecuada (calidad), así como las barreras para la utilización.

B-2b.

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Background. During the 2009 spring epidemic outbreak in Mexico, an important research and policy question faced was related to the differences in clinical profile and population characteristics of those affected by the new H1N1 virus compared with the seasonal virus. Methods and Findings. Data from clinical files from all influenza A deaths in Mexico between April 10 and July 13, 2009 were analyzed to describe differences in clinical and socioeconomic profile between H1N1 and non-H1N1 cases. A total of 324 influenza A mortality cases were studied of which 239 presented rt-PCR confirmation for H1N1 virus and 85 for seasonal influenza A. From the differences of means and multivariate logistic regression, it was found that H1N1 deaths occurred in younger and less educated people, and among those who engage in activities where there is increased contact with other unknown persons (OR 4.52, 95% CI 1.56–13.14). Clinical symptoms were similar except for dyspnea, headache, and chest pain that were less frequently found among H1N1 cases. Conclusions. Findings suggest that age, education, and occupation are factors that may be useful to identify risk for H1N1 among influenza cases, and also that patients with early dyspnea, headache, and chest pain are more likely to be non-H1N1 cases.

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