Meta-inflammation is a chronic, low-grade state of inflammation secondary to cardiometabolic disorders related to overweight (OW), obesity (OB), consumption of poor nutritional and hypercaloric diets with excessive amounts of lipids and sugars. It can lead to severe metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have reported that plant-based diets (PBDs) can be a useful non-pharmacological therapeutic tool for the prevention and treatment of meta-inflammation, since it has been reported that patients following PBDs have lower serum levels of proinflammatory markers, a reduction in weight, and an overall healthier lipid profile. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of meta-inflammation, the growing worldwide trend toward adoption of PBDs, and how PBDs act to reduce meta-inflammation.

This review article discusses the preclinical evidence and clinical trials testing the use of a peptide agonist of the glucagon-like peptide (GLP) receptor that promotes insulin secretion in the animal models of and patient with Parkinson's disease (PD). In particular, we focus on the therapeutic effects of the GLP receptor agonist exendin-4, also called exenatide, in PD. The ultimate goal of this article is to provide a critical assessment of the laboratory and clinical data toward guiding the translation of exendin-4 as a clinically relevant therapeutic for PD.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a global health problem that has been on the rise in recent years. Reviewing the definition of neurodegeneration, it can be established that NDDs are not only chronic diseases since acute events can also generate neurodegeneration. Recent research has focused on identifying key factors in the development of NDDs in order to generate new therapies at different levels of the pathophysiology of these diseases. The relationship between the gut microbiota and neuroinflammation has been subject of research in recent years, discovering new linking and triggering processes. In this text, we seek to summarize the existing findings regarding three NDDs (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Stroke) and their relationship with the Gut Brain Axis, as well as highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy microbiota and generating therapies focused on reducing gut inflammation for the management of NDDs.